Бесплатный фрагмент - Английский для повседневного общения
Истории, слова и грамматика для уровня A2 с упражнениями и ответами
Предисловие
Дорогие читатели!
Эта книга создана для изучающих английский язык на уровне A2. Она предназначена для постепенного и систематического освоения грамматики, лексики и повседневных выражений. Основной целью является развитие навыков чтения, понимания текста и использования английского языка в реальных ситуациях.
Каждая глава включает объяснение грамматической темы на русском языке с примерами на английском, короткий текст для чтения, упражнения на закрепление лексики и грамматики, а также ключевые слова и выражения, используемые в тексте. Такой подход позволяет одновременно развивать навыки понимания текста и активного использования новых конструкций.
В книге уделено внимание наиболее часто используемым грамматическим формам, таким как времена настоящего, прошедшего и будущего, модальные глаголы для выражения советов, выражения предпочтений, сравнительные и превосходные степени прилагательных, а также конструкции для описания состояния и внешности.
Упражнения различного типа помогают закрепить материал и проверить понимание прочитанного. Ответы к упражнениям приведены в конце каждой главы, что позволяет самостоятельно контролировать процесс обучения.
Эта книга предназначена для регулярной практики и последовательного освоения английского языка, а также для формирования уверенности в использовании грамматических конструкций и повседневной лексики.
A New Routine
Grammar Focus: Present Simple (Affirmative Sentences)
Present Simple используется для описания:
ежедневных действий
привычек
регулярных ситуаций
фактов из повседневной жизни
В этой главе мы работаем только с утвердительными предложениями.
Образование
I / You / We / They + base verb
I work in an office. — Я работаю в офисе.
They live in the city. — Они живут в городе.
He / She / It + verb + -s
She works in an office. — Она работает в офисе.
He starts work at 9 a.m. — Он начинает работу в 9 утра.
Важные правила
Для he / she / it глагол обычно получает -s
После do, go, work, live, start форма также меняется:
works, lives, starts, goes, does
Story
Emma lives in a small town and works as a designer. She starts her day early and follows a simple routine. Every morning, Emma wakes up at six thirty. She drinks a glass of water and makes breakfast. She usually eats eggs and fruit and listens to music.
At eight o’clock, Emma leaves home and walks to work. Her office is not far, so the walk takes only fifteen minutes. At work, Emma checks her emails and plans her tasks for the day. She works on different projects and talks to her colleagues.
At noon, Emma has lunch at a café near the office. She likes this place because it feels calm and friendly. After lunch, she returns to work and finishes her tasks.
In the evening, Emma comes home, makes dinner, and relaxes. She reads a book or watches a series. This routine helps her stay organized and feel confident every day.
Useful Words and Expressions
routine — распорядок
start the day — начинать день
wake up — просыпаться
follow — следовать
make breakfast — готовить завтрак
usually — обычно
leave home — выходить из дома
walk to work — идти на работу пешком
not far — недалеко
take (time) — занимать (время)
check emails — проверять почту
plan tasks — планировать задачи
project — проект
have lunch — обедать
return to work — возвращаться к работе
finish tasks — заканчивать задачи
come home — возвращаться домой
relax — отдыхать
Exercises
Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks
Use the correct form of the verb.
Emma ___ (live) in a small town.
She ___ (wake up) at six thirty.
Emma ___ (make) breakfast every morning.
She ___ (walk) to work.
She ___ (have) lunch at a café.
Exercise 2. True or False
Read the sentences and choose True or False.
Emma works as a designer.
She wakes up late in the morning.
Her office is far from her home.
Emma has lunch at home.
Her routine helps her feel confident.
Exercise 3. Answer the questions
What does Emma do in the morning?
How does Emma get to work?
What does Emma do at work before lunch?
Where does Emma have lunch, and why does she like it?
How does Emma spend her evening?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
lives
wakes up
makes
walks
has
Exercise 2
True
False
False
False
True
Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)
Emma wakes up early and makes breakfast. She starts her day with simple activities.
Emma walks to work because her office is not far from home.
Before lunch, Emma checks her emails and plans her tasks. She works on different projects.
Emma has lunch at a café near the office. She likes it because it feels calm and friendly.
In the evening, Emma comes home and relaxes. She reads a book or watches a series.
Mini Tip
Обрати внимание, как глаголы с she повторяются с окончанием -s. Повтори текст вслух и подчеркни все такие формы — это помогает автоматизировать грамматику.
Busy or Free?
Grammar Focus: Present Simple (Negatives and Questions)
В Present Simple отрицательные предложения и вопросы образуются с помощью вспомогательных глаголов do и does.
Отрицательные предложения
I / You / We / They + do not (don’t) + base verb
I don’t work on weekends. — Я не работаю по выходным.
They don’t like early mornings. — Они не любят ранние утра.
He / She / It + does not (doesn’t) + base verb
She doesn’t work on Sundays. — Она не работает по воскресеньям.
He doesn’t feel tired in the morning. — Он не чувствует усталости утром.
После doesn’t глагол НЕ получает окончание -s.
Вопросительные предложения
Do + I / you / we / they + base verb?
Do you work every day? — Ты работаешь каждый день?
Does + he / she / it + base verb?
Does she work on weekends? — Она работает по выходным?
Краткие ответы:
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
Story
Mark works in an IT company and lives alone in the city. His schedule looks busy, but he doesn’t work all the time. On weekdays, Mark starts work at nine a.m. He usually finishes at six, so he has free time in the evening.
Mark doesn’t like crowded places, so he doesn’t go out very often. After work, he doesn’t meet friends every day. He prefers quiet evenings at home. He cooks dinner, watches videos, or studies new skills online.
On weekends, Mark doesn’t wake up early. He sleeps longer and enjoys slow mornings. He doesn’t work on Saturdays, but he sometimes checks messages from work. On Sundays, he usually relaxes and plans the next week.
People often ask Mark, «Do you feel busy?» Mark answers that he works a lot, but he also knows how to rest. This balance helps him feel comfortable and focused.
Useful Words and Expressions
busy — занятый
free time — свободное время
schedule — расписание
work all the time — работать всё время
finish work — заканчивать работу
crowded places — людные места
go out — выходить куда-то
prefer — предпочитать
quiet — спокойный
meet friends — встречаться с друзьями
enjoy — наслаждаться
slow morning — медленное утро
check messages — проверять сообщения
balance — баланс
rest — отдыхать
focused — сосредоточенный
Exercises
Exercise 1. Choose the correct option
Mark ___ work all the time.
a) doesn’t
b) don’t
He ___ go out very often.
a) doesn’t
b) don’t
___ Mark work on Saturdays?
a) Do
b) Does
___ he like crowded places?
a) Do
b) Does
Mark ___ wake up early on weekends.
a) doesn’t
b) don’t
Exercise 2. True or False
Read the sentences and choose True or False.
Mark works in an IT company.
He finishes work late in the evening.
Mark likes crowded places.
He wakes up early on weekends.
Mark thinks rest is important.
Exercise 3. Answer the questions
Why doesn’t Mark go out very often?
What does Mark usually do after work?
How does Mark spend his weekends?
Does Mark completely stop thinking about work on weekends?
Why does Mark feel comfortable with his schedule?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
a) doesn’t
a) doesn’t
b) Does
b) Does
a) doesn’t
Exercise 2
True
False
False
False
True
Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)
Mark doesn’t go out very often because he doesn’t like crowded places. He prefers quiet evenings.
After work, Mark usually cooks dinner and relaxes at home. He also watches videos or studies online.
On weekends, Mark sleeps longer and enjoys slow mornings. He relaxes and plans the next week.
No, he doesn’t completely stop thinking about work. He sometimes checks messages.
Mark feels comfortable because he has a balance between work and rest. This balance helps him stay focused.
Mini Tip
В вопросах и отрицаниях вся грамматика «живёт» в do / does. Если ты используешь does, основной глагол всегда остаётся в базовой форме.
Every Day Habits
Grammar Focus: Adverbs of Frequency
Adverbs of frequency показывают, как часто происходит действие.
В этой главе мы используем самые частотные наречия:
always — всегда
usually — обычно
often — часто
sometimes — иногда
never — никогда
Позиция в предложении
В утвердительных предложениях наречие частоты обычно стоит:
перед основным глаголом
She usually eats breakfast at home.
после глагола to be
He is often tired in the evening.
Примеры
I always wake up early. — Я всегда просыпаюсь рано.
She often works on weekends. — Она часто работает по выходным.
They never eat fast food. — Они никогда не едят фастфуд.
Story
Lena works as a language teacher and has clear daily habits. She always starts her day at the same time. Lena usually wakes up at seven and prepares breakfast. She often drinks tea and eats something light.
Before work, Lena sometimes reads or listens to a podcast. She never watches TV in the morning because she prefers quiet time. Lena works at a school and teaches children. She always plans her lessons and checks her materials.
At work, Lena usually feels active and focused. She often talks to her colleagues and shares ideas. During the day, she sometimes feels tired, but she never skips her responsibilities.
In the evening, Lena usually comes home early. She always has dinner and relaxes. She often reads books and sometimes writes notes for her classes. These habits help Lena stay calm and productive.
Useful Words and Expressions
habit — привычка
daily — ежедневный
start the day — начинать день
prepare breakfast — готовить завтрак
something light — что-то лёгкое
before work — перед работой
quiet time — спокойное время
plan lessons — планировать уроки
material — материалы
focused — сосредоточенный
share ideas — делиться идеями
responsibility — обязанность
skip — пропускать
productive — продуктивный
come home — приходить домой
relax — отдыхать
write notes — писать заметки
Exercises
Exercise 1. Choose the correct adverb
Lena ___ wakes up at seven. (always / never)
She ___ drinks tea in the morning. (often / never)
Lena ___ watches TV before work. (sometimes / never)
She ___ feels tired during the day. (always / sometimes)
Lena ___ plans her lessons. (often / never)
Exercise 2. True or False
Read the sentences and choose True or False.
Lena always starts her day at the same time.
She usually drinks coffee in the morning.
Lena sometimes reads before work.
She skips her responsibilities at work.
Her habits help her stay productive.
Exercise 3. Answer the questions
What does Lena usually do in the morning?
What does Lena never do before work?
How does Lena feel at work most of the time?
What activities does Lena do in the evening?
Why are Lena’s habits important for her?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
always
often
never
sometimes
often
Exercise 2
True
False
True
False
True
Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)
Lena usually wakes up at seven and prepares breakfast. She often drinks tea and eats something light.
Lena never watches TV before work. She prefers quiet time in the morning.
At work, Lena usually feels active and focused. She often talks to her colleagues.
In the evening, Lena comes home and relaxes. She reads books and sometimes writes notes.
Lena’s habits are important because they help her stay calm and productive. They give structure to her day.
Mini Tip
Чтобы запомнить наречия частоты, представь шкалу от never → sometimes → often → usually → always и мысленно размещай действия на ней.
Work and Study
Grammar Focus: Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
В английском языке мы используем Present Simple и Present Continuous для разных ситуаций.
Present Simple
Используется, когда мы говорим:
о регулярных действиях
о привычках
о фактах
Форма: subject + base verb / verb + -s
She works in an office. — Она работает в офисе.
He studies every day. — Он учится каждый день.
Present Continuous
Используется, когда мы говорим:
о действии прямо сейчас
о временной ситуации
Форма: am / is / are + verb + -ing
She is working now. — Она сейчас работает.
He is studying at the moment. — Он сейчас учится.
Основной контраст
She works in an office. (обычно)
She is working from home today. (сейчас, временно)
В этой главе мы используем простые маркеры времени:
now, at the moment, today
Story
David works as an engineer and studies part-time. On weekdays, he usually works in an office and follows a regular schedule. He starts work at nine and finishes at six. David studies in the evenings and reads professional books.
Today is different. David is working from home and is preparing a presentation. At the moment, he is sitting at his desk and checking his notes. His phone is ringing, but he is not answering it because he is focusing on his work.
In the afternoon, David usually studies at a library, but today he is studying at home. He is watching an online lecture and taking notes. His routine helps him manage work and study, but temporary changes also play an important role.
This balance between routine and flexibility makes David more confident in his daily life.
Useful Words and Expressions
study part-time — учиться неполный день
regular schedule — обычное расписание
different — другой
work from home — работать из дома
prepare — готовить
presentation — презентация
at the moment — в данный момент
focus on — сосредотачиваться на
usually — обычно
temporary — временный
take notes — делать заметки
online lecture — онлайн-лекция
manage — справляться, управлять
flexibility — гибкость
confident — уверенный
Exercises
Exercise 1. Choose the correct form
David usually ___ in an office.
a) works
b) is working
Today he ___ from home.
a) works
b) is working
At the moment, David ___ a presentation.
a) prepares
b) is preparing
He usually ___ in the evenings.
a) studies
b) is studying
Right now, he ___ an online lecture.
a) watches
b) is watching
Exercise 2. True or False
Read the sentences and choose True or False.
David works and studies at the same time.
He usually works in an office.
Today David is working from home.
He is answering his phone at the moment.
David always studies at the library.
Exercise 3. Answer the questions
What is David’s regular work routine?
What is David doing today that is different?
What is David doing at the moment?
Where does David usually study, and where is he studying today?
Why is flexibility important for David?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
a) works
b) is working
b) is preparing
a) studies
b) is watching
Exercise 2
False
True
True
False
False
Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)
David usually works in an office and follows a regular schedule. He starts work at nine and finishes at six.
Today David is working from home and preparing a presentation. This is different from his usual routine.
At the moment, David is sitting at his desk and checking his notes. He is focusing on his work.
David usually studies at a library, but today he is studying at home. He is watching an online lecture.
Flexibility is important for David because his routine sometimes changes. It helps him manage work and study more effectively.
Mini Tip
Если в предложении есть now, at the moment, today, сначала подумай о Present Continuous.
Если речь идёт о расписании или привычке — почти всегда это Present Simple.
My Family and Friends
Grammar Focus: To Be (Review) + Possessive Adjectives
Verb to be (Present Simple)
Глагол to be используется, когда мы говорим:
кто мы и кто другие люди
о состоянии
о характеристиках
Формы глагола to be в настоящем времени:
am — используется с I
are — используется с you, we, they
is — используется с he, she, it
Примеры:
I am a student. — Я студент.
She is friendly. — Она дружелюбная.
They are my friends. — Они мои друзья.
Possessive Adjectives
Possessive adjectives показывают принадлежность. Они всегда стоят перед существительным и не изменяются.
my — используется с I
your — используется с you
his — используется с he
her — используется с she
its — используется с it
our — используется с we
their — используется с they
Примеры:
This is my sister. — Это моя сестра.
He likes his job. — Ему нравится его работа.
They visit their parents. — Они навещают своих родителей.
Story
Olivia is thirty years old and lives in a big city. She is very close to her family and friends. Her family is not very big, but it is warm and friendly.
Her mother is a teacher, and her father is an engineer. They are kind and supportive people. Olivia has one brother. His name is Daniel, and he is younger than her. Daniel is a student, and his favorite subject is history.
Olivia’s friends are an important part of her life. Her best friend is Emma. She is creative and optimistic. They often spend time together and talk about their plans.
Olivia feels lucky because her family and friends are always there for her. Their support helps her feel confident and happy in her daily life.
Useful Words and Expressions
close to — близкий к
supportive — поддерживающий
kind — добрый
younger — младше
favorite subject — любимый предмет
important part — важная часть
best friend — лучший друг
creative — творческий
optimistic — оптимистичный
spend time — проводить время
feel lucky — чувствовать себя счастливым
support — поддержка
confident — уверенный
daily life — повседневная жизнь
Exercises
Exercise 1. Choose the correct form
Olivia ___ very close to her family.
a) is
b) are
Her parents ___ kind and supportive.
a) is
b) are
Daniel likes ___ favorite subject.
a) his
b) her
Emma is ___ best friend.
a) Olivia
b) Olivia’s
Olivia feels lucky because ___ family supports her.
a) his
b) her
Exercise 2. True or False
Read the sentences and choose True or False.
Olivia lives in a small town.
Her parents work in education and engineering.
Daniel is older than Olivia.
Emma is Olivia’s best friend.
Olivia feels supported by her family and friends.
Exercise 3. Answer the questions
Who are the members of Olivia’s family?
What does Olivia’s brother do?
How does Olivia describe her best friend?
Why are Olivia’s family and friends important to her?
How do her relationships affect her daily life?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
is
are
his
Olivia’s
her
Exercise 2
False
True
False
True
True
Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)
Olivia’s family includes her mother, father, and younger brother. They are close and supportive.
Olivia’s brother Daniel is a student. His favorite subject is history.
Olivia describes her best friend Emma as creative and optimistic. They often spend time together.
Olivia’s family and friends are important because they support her. Their support helps her feel confident.
Her relationships have a positive effect on her daily life. She feels happy and confident.
Mini Tip
Если сомневаешься между his и her, задай вопрос: Who owns it? — и ответь на него мысленно.
At Home
Grammar Focus: There is / There are
There is и There are используются, когда мы говорим, что находится в каком-то месте.
There is
Используется, когда речь идёт об одном предмете или о том, что нельзя посчитать.
There is a kitchen in the apartment. — В квартире есть кухня.
There is some furniture in the room. — В комнате есть мебель.
There are
Используется, когда речь идёт о нескольких предметах.
There are two bedrooms in the apartment. — В квартире есть две спальни.
There are many books on the shelf. — На полке много книг.
Частые сочетания
there is a / an
there are some / many
Story
Sophie lives in a small but comfortable apartment. Her home is simple, clean, and well organized. There is a living room, a kitchen, and one bedroom. The living room is bright because there is a big window.
In the living room, there is a sofa, a small table, and a bookshelf. There are many books on the shelf and a lamp next to the sofa. Sophie likes this room because it feels calm and cozy.
The kitchen is not very big, but there is enough space to cook. There is a fridge, a stove, and a small table. There are some plants on the table, and they make the kitchen feel fresh.
In the bedroom, there is a bed and a wardrobe. There are no televisions in the apartment. Sophie believes a quiet home helps her relax and enjoy her time at home.
Useful Words and Expressions
apartment — квартира
comfortable — удобный
well organized — хорошо организованный
living room — гостиная
bright — светлый
bookshelf — книжная полка
cozy — уютный
enough space — достаточно места
fridge — холодильник
stove — плита
plant — растение
wardrobe — шкаф
quiet — тихий
enjoy time — наслаждаться временем
Exercises
Exercise 1. Choose the correct option
There ___ a sofa in the living room.
a) is
b) are
There ___ many books on the shelf.
a) is
b) are
There ___ a fridge in the kitchen.
a) is
b) are
There ___ some plants on the table.
a) is
b) are
There ___ two bedrooms in Sophie’s apartment.
a) is
b) are
Exercise 2. True or False
Read the sentences and choose True or False.
Sophie lives in a large apartment.
There is a big window in the living room.
The kitchen has no space to cook.
There are plants in the kitchen.
There is a television in the apartment.
Exercise 3. Answer the questions
What rooms are there in Sophie’s apartment?
What furniture is there in the living room?
Why does Sophie like the living room?
What is there in the kitchen?
Why does Sophie prefer a quiet home?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
is
are
is
are
are
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