
Предисловие
Данная книга предназначена для изучающих английский язык на уровне B1 и направлена на систематическое освоение лексики и грамматики в контексте повседневной жизни, общения и профессиональной сферы. Каждая глава строится с учётом потребностей учащегося: грамматический материал объясняется на русском языке с последующими примерами на английском, чтобы облегчить понимание и закрепление правил.
В книге представлены темы, которые охватывают широкий спектр ситуаций, знакомых каждому изучающему язык: повседневные действия, свободное время, семья и друзья, работа, путешествия, здоровье, природа и общество. Лексика и грамматические конструкции представлены с учётом постепенного усложнения, что позволяет учащемуся последовательно развивать навыки чтения, понимания и применения английского языка.
Особое внимание уделено практике: каждая глава содержит упражнения различного типа, включая заполнение пропусков, выбор правильного варианта и вопросы к тексту. Такой подход обеспечивает повторение изученного материала и формирует умение использовать грамматику и лексику в реальных коммуникационных ситуациях.
Книга также включает разделы с полезными словами и выражениями, которые встречаются в тексте, и мини-советы по запоминанию грамматических конструкций и лексики. Это позволяет учащемуся закреплять материал и формировать устойчивые языковые навыки, необходимые для уверенного общения на английском языке.
Daily Routines
Grammar Focus: Present Simple / Present Continuous
Present Simple используется для регулярных действий, привычек, повторяющихся событий и общеизвестных фактов.
Present Continuous используется для действий, происходящих в момент речи, или временных ситуаций.
Примеры предложений с переводом:
I usually wake up at 7 a.m. — Я обычно встаю в 7 утра.
She goes to school every day. — Она ходит в школу каждый день.
He is reading a book now. — Он сейчас читает книгу.
We are watching TV at the moment. — Мы сейчас смотрим телевизор.
Правила использования:
Present Simple: для третьего лица ед. числа добавляем -s/-es к глаголу.
Present Continuous: используем форму to be + глагол-ing.
Типичные ошибки:
He go to school → He goes to school
I am going to school every day → I go to school every day
Советы для школьников:
Обратите внимание на слова-маркеры: usually, often, every day, now, at the moment
Повторяйте вслух фразы с обоими временами, чтобы лучше закрепить их использование
Story: A Typical Day
My name is Anna. I live in a small town. I usually wake up at 7 a.m. I brush my teeth and have breakfast. After breakfast, I go to school. I usually walk, but today I am taking the bus because it is raining.
At school, I study English, math, and science. My friends are talking and laughing in the classroom. I am listening to the teacher carefully.
After school, I go home and do my homework. My brother is playing football outside. I usually help my mother in the kitchen. In the evening, we watch TV together. Today, we are watching a new series. I usually go to bed at 10 p.m., but today I am reading a book before sleep.
Useful Words and Expressions
wake up — просыпаться
brush teeth — чистить зубы
have breakfast — завтракать
go to school — идти в школу
take the bus — ехать на автобусе
rain — дождь
study — учиться
listen — слушать
carefully — внимательно
do homework — делать домашнее задание
play football — играть в футбол
help — помогать
kitchen — кухня
watch TV — смотреть телевизор
series — сериал
go to bed — ложиться спать
read a book — читать книгу
usually — обычно
today — сегодня
at the moment — в данный момент
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
I usually ___ (wake) up at 7 a.m.
She ___ (take) the bus today.
My brother ___ (play) football at the moment.
We usually ___ (watch) TV in the evening.
Exercise 2: Multiple Choice
Which sentence is correct?
a) He go to school every day.
b) He goes to school every day.
Which sentence is correct?
a) I am doing homework now.
b) I do homework now.
Exercise 3: Questions about the story
What does Anna do after breakfast?
How does she go to school today?
What are her friends doing in the classroom?
What does Anna usually do after school?
What is different in her evening routine today?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
wake up
is taking
is playing
watch
Exercise 2:
b) He goes to school every day.
a) I am doing homework now.
Exercise 3:
After breakfast, Anna goes to school.
Today, she is taking the bus because it is raining.
Her friends are talking and laughing in the classroom.
After school, she usually does her homework and helps her mother in the kitchen.
Today, she is reading a book before sleep instead of going to bed immediately.
Mini-tips:
Для запоминания Present Simple используйте маркеры usually, often, every day.
Для Present Continuous ищите слова now, at the moment, today.
Проговаривайте фразы вслух 5–10 раз, чтобы закрепить употребление.
Hobbies and Free Time
Grammar Focus: Like / Enjoy / Prefer + V-ing, Adverbs of Frequency
Like / Enjoy / Prefer + V-ing используются для выражения предпочтений и удовольствия от действия.
Например: I like reading books — Мне нравится читать книги.
Adverbs of Frequency показывают, как часто происходит действие: always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never.
Примеры предложений с переводом:
I like swimming in the summer. — Мне нравится плавать летом.
She enjoys playing the piano. — Ей нравится играть на пианино.
We prefer walking in the park. — Мы предпочитаем гулять в парке.
He always reads before bed. — Он всегда читает перед сном.
They sometimes go to the cinema. — Иногда они ходят в кино.
Правила использования:
После like / enjoy / prefer всегда используется форма V-ing, а не инфинитив (I enjoy to read → неправильно).
Adverbs of frequency обычно ставятся перед основным глаголом, но после глагола to be:
I usually play football.
She is always happy.
Типичные ошибки:
Использование инфинитива после enjoy/like/prefer (I like to swimming → неправильно).
Неправильное место наречий: He goes always to school → He always goes to school.
Советы для школьников:
Запоминайте частотные наречия по шкале: always → usually → often → sometimes → rarely → never.
Составляйте короткие фразы с вашими любимыми хобби, чтобы практиковать V-ing.
Story: Anna’s Free Time
Anna loves her free time. She usually wakes up at 8 a.m. on weekends. She likes reading books in the morning. Sometimes she listens to music while having breakfast.
In the afternoon, Anna enjoys going to the park with her friends. They play football or ride bicycles. She prefers walking slowly and talking with friends.
Anna always helps her mother in the kitchen, but today she is cooking a small cake by herself. In the evening, she sometimes watches a new series on TV. She enjoys relaxing before going to bed.
Her brother likes playing computer games. He usually plays for two hours after school, but today he is reading a book instead. Anna and her brother often talk about their favorite hobbies.
Useful Words and Expressions
free time — свободное время
wake up — просыпаться
read books — читать книги
listen to music — слушать музыку
have breakfast — завтракать
go to the park — идти в парк
play football — играть в футбол
ride bicycles — кататься на велосипедах
walk slowly — идти медленно
talk with friends — разговаривать с друзьями
help — помогать
cook — готовить
cake — торт
watch TV — смотреть телевизор
series — сериал
play computer games — играть в компьютерные игры
prefer — предпочитать
like — нравиться
enjoy — наслаждаться
always / usually / sometimes / rarely / never — всегда / обычно / иногда / редко / никогда
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
I ___ (like) reading books in the morning.
She ___ (enjoy) listening to music.
We ___ (prefer) walking in the park.
He ___ (always/play) football after school.
They ___ (sometimes/watch) TV in the evening.
Exercise 2: Multiple Choice
Which sentence is correct?
a) I enjoy to play football.
b) I enjoy playing football.
Which sentence is correct?
a) She usually reads books.
b) She reads usually books.
Exercise 3: Questions about the story
What does Anna like doing in the morning?
Who does she go to the park with?
What does Anna prefer doing in the park?
What is Anna doing in the kitchen today?
What is different about her brother’s free time today?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
like
enjoys
prefer
always plays
sometimes watch
Exercise 2:
b) I enjoy playing football.
a) She usually reads books.
Exercise 3:
Anna likes reading books in the morning.
She goes to the park with her friends.
In the park, she prefers walking slowly and talking with friends.
Today, Anna is cooking a small cake by herself.
Her brother usually plays computer games, but today he is reading a book instead.
Mini-tips:
Наречия частоты: создайте личную шкалу, например, отметьте свои привычки на 1–6 (never → always).
После like / enjoy / prefer всегда используйте V-ing.
Проговаривайте ваши любимые хобби вслух с разными наречиями частоты: I often read, I sometimes play…
Food and Drinks
Grammar Focus: Countable / Uncountable Nouns, Some / Any / Much / Many
Countable nouns (исчисляемые существительные) — это предметы, которые можно сосчитать: one apple, two bananas.
Uncountable nouns (неисчисляемые существительные) — это вещества или абстрактные понятия, которые нельзя сосчитать: water, sugar, milk.
Some / Any / Much / Many используются для количества:
Some — немного, используется в утверждениях (I have some apples).
Any — используется в вопросах и отрицаниях (Do you have any milk? I don’t have any sugar).
Much — много (для неисчисляемых) в вопросах и отрицаниях (How much water do you drink? I don’t have much juice).
Many — много (для исчисляемых) (I have many friends).
Примеры предложений с переводом:
I have some apples. — У меня есть несколько яблок.
Do you have any milk? — У тебя есть молоко?
She doesn’t have much sugar. — У неё мало сахара.
How many oranges do you want? — Сколько апельсинов ты хочешь?
I drink a lot of water every day. — Я пью много воды каждый день.
Правила использования:
Some в утверждениях, any в вопросах и отрицаниях.
Much для неисчисляемых, many для исчисляемых.
В разговорной речи вместо much/many часто используют a lot of.
Типичные ошибки:
I have much apples → I have many apples
Do you have some milk? → правильно, но в строгих вопросах часто any
Советы для школьников:
Сначала запомните список распространённых неисчисляемых существительных: water, milk, sugar, bread, cheese.
Проговаривайте свои любимые продукты с some/any/much/many вслух для закрепления.
Story: Shopping for Food
Today, Anna is going to the market. She wants to buy food for her family. She usually buys some apples, bananas, and oranges. She also needs some milk and bread.
At the market, Anna sees a lot of fresh vegetables. She buys some tomatoes, cucumbers, and carrots. She asks the seller: «Do you have any cheese?» The seller says, «Yes, we have some.»
Anna checks her list. She doesn’t need much sugar because she has a lot at home. She wants many eggs for breakfast.
After shopping, Anna carries a big bag. She is happy because she bought everything her family needs. At home, she puts the food in the kitchen and drinks a glass of water.
Useful Words and Expressions
food — еда
drinks — напитки
apple — яблоко
banana — банан
orange — апельсин
milk — молоко
bread — хлеб
sugar — сахар
tomato — помидор
cucumber — огурец
carrot — морковь
cheese — сыр
egg — яйцо
market — рынок
bag — сумка
list — список
fresh — свежий
a lot of — много
some — немного
any — какой-либо / есть ли
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
I need ___ (some/any) milk for breakfast.
She doesn’t have ___ (much/many) sugar.
How ___ (much/many) apples do you want?
I bought ___ (some/any) carrots and tomatoes.
Do you have ___ (some/any) bread?
Exercise 2: Multiple Choice
Which is correct?
a) I have many water.
b) I have much water.
Which is correct?
a) She bought some bananas.
b) She bought any bananas.
Exercise 3: Questions about the story
What does Anna usually buy at the market?
What vegetables did she buy today?
Did Anna need much sugar?
How many eggs did she want?
What did Anna do at home after shopping?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
some
much
many
some
any
Exercise 2:
b) I have much water.
a) She bought some bananas.
Exercise 3:
Anna usually buys some apples, bananas, oranges, milk, and bread.
She bought some tomatoes, cucumbers, and carrots.
No, she didn’t need much sugar because she had a lot at home.
She wanted many eggs for breakfast.
At home, Anna put the food in the kitchen and drank a glass of water.
Mini-tips:
Запомните: some → утверждения, any → вопросы/отрицания.
Much для неисчисляемых, many для исчисляемых.
Для разговорной речи можно часто использовать a lot of вместо much/many.
At Home
Grammar Focus: There is / There are, Prepositions of Place
There is / There are используются для описания наличия чего-либо в определённом месте:
There is a sofa in the living room. — В гостиной есть диван.
There are two chairs in the kitchen. — На кухне есть два стула.
Prepositions of Place (предлоги места) помогают указать, где находится предмет:
on — на (on the table)
in — в (in the kitchen)
under — под (under the bed)
next to / near — рядом с
between — между
behind — за
in front of — перед
Примеры предложений с переводом:
There is a book on the table. — На столе есть книга.
There are two windows in my room. — В моей комнате два окна.
The cat is under the chair. — Кот под стулом.
The sofa is next to the wall. — Диван рядом со стеной.
Типичные ошибки:
There is two chairs → There are two chairs
My book is in table → My book is on the table
Советы для школьников:
Сначала запоминайте основные предлоги: in, on, under, next to.
Используйте There is / There are, когда описываете комнату или место, чтобы не путать с обычным глаголом be.
Story: A Day at Home
Anna is at home today. There is a big living room with a sofa and a coffee table. There are two chairs near the table. On the table, there is a book and a cup of tea.
In the kitchen, there are some vegetables in the fridge. There is also a loaf of bread on the counter. Anna is cooking lunch. The cat is sleeping under the table.
Anna’s bedroom is small but comfortable. There is a bed near the window. There is a small desk next to the bed. On the desk, there are some pencils and a notebook.
Anna enjoys her home. She likes that everything is in its place. Today, she is cleaning the living room and putting books on the shelf.
Useful Words and Expressions
home — дом
living room — гостиная
kitchen — кухня
bedroom — спальня
sofa — диван
chair — стул
table — стол
book — книга
cup — чашка
tea — чай
fridge — холодильник
vegetables — овощи
bread — хлеб
bed — кровать
desk — письменный стол
pencil — карандаш
notebook — тетрадь
on — на
in — в
under — под
next to — рядом с
near — около
behind — за
in front of — перед
between — между
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
There ___ (is/are) a sofa in the living room.
There ___ (is/are) two chairs near the table.
The cat is ___ (on/under/next to) the chair.
There ___ (is/are) a book and a cup on the table.
The bed is ___ (next to/behind/in front of) the window.
Exercise 2: Choose the correct option
On the desk, there ___ some pencils.
a) is
b) are
The vegetables are ___ the fridge.
a) in
b) on
The sofa is ___ the wall.
a) next to
b) under
There ___ a notebook and a cup on the table.
a) is
b) are
The cat is sleeping ___ the table.
a) on
b) under
Exercise 3: Questions about the story
What is in the living room?
Where is the cat?
What is on the kitchen counter?
What is next to the bed in Anna’s bedroom?
What is Anna doing today at home?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
is
are
under
is
next to
Exercise 2:
b) are
a) in
a) next to
b) are
b) under
Exercise 3:
In the living room, there is a sofa, a coffee table, and two chairs near the table.
The cat is sleeping under the table.
On the kitchen counter, there is a loaf of bread.
Next to the bed, there is a small desk.
Today, Anna is cleaning the living room and putting books on the shelf.
Mini-tips:
Используйте There is / There are для описания комнат и предметов.
Сначала учите простые предлоги: in, on, under, next to, а потом добавляйте behind, in front of, between.
Проговаривайте вслух: «There is a chair next to the table» — это помогает закреплять конструкцию.
Shopping
Grammar Focus: How much / How many, Questions with How
How much используется для неисчисляемых существительных, когда спрашиваем о количестве:
How much milk do you want? — Сколько молока ты хочешь?
How many используется для исчисляемых существительных, когда спрашиваем о количестве предметов:
How many apples do you need? — Сколько яблок тебе нужно?
Вопросы с How могут включать:
How often — как часто
How long — как долго
How far — как далеко
Примеры предложений с переводом:
How much bread do we have? — Сколько у нас хлеба?
How many oranges are there in the basket? — Сколько апельсинов в корзине?
How often do you go shopping? — Как часто ты ходишь за покупками?
How long does it take to get to the market? — Сколько времени занимает дорога на рынок?
Типичные ошибки:
How many milk do you want? → How much milk do you want?
How much apples are there? → How many apples are there?
Советы для школьников:
Сначала различайте исчисляемое / неисчисляемое: apple → many, milk → much.
Используйте How much / How many в начале вопроса, сразу после чего идёт существительное.
Story: A Trip to the Market
Anna is going shopping today. She takes a list with all the things she needs. First, she goes to the fruit section. She asks the seller: «How many oranges do you have?» The seller shows her a basket with ten oranges. Anna takes four oranges.
Then, Anna goes to the bread section. She asks: «How much bread is fresh today?» The seller says: «All of it is fresh.» Anna buys a loaf of bread.
In the milk section, Anna asks: «How much milk do you have?» The seller gives her two liters. She also buys some cheese and eggs.
Anna pays for the food and goes home. She is happy because she bought everything she needs. She often goes shopping on Saturdays, but today she is going alone because her mother is busy.
Useful Words and Expressions
shopping — покупки
market — рынок
list — список
fruit — фрукты
vegetable — овощ
orange — апельсин
apple — яблоко
bread — хлеб
milk — молоко
cheese — сыр
egg — яйцо
basket — корзина
loaf — буханка
seller — продавец
pay — платить
take — брать
fresh — свежий
How much — сколько (неисчисляемое)
How many — сколько (исчисляемое)
How often — как часто
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
How ___ (much/many) apples are in the basket?
How ___ (much/many) milk do we need?
Anna buys two oranges. How ___ (much/many) oranges are left?
How ___ (much/many) bread is fresh today?
How ___ (much/many) eggs does she buy?
Exercise 2: Choose the correct option in the sentence
How ___ oranges do you want?
a) much
b) many
How ___ cheese is in the fridge?
a) much
b) many
How ___ apples are in the basket?
a) much
b) many
How ___ milk do you need for breakfast?
a) much
b) many
How ___ bananas does Anna buy?
a) much
b) many
Exercise 3: Questions about the story
How many oranges does Anna take from the basket?
What question does she ask in the bread section?
How much milk does she buy?
Does Anna go shopping alone or with her mother today?
How often does Anna usually go shopping?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
many
much
many
much
many
Exercise 2:
b) many
a) much
b) many
a) much
b) many
Exercise 3:
Anna takes four oranges from the basket.
She asks, «How much bread is fresh today?»
She buys two liters of milk.
Today she goes shopping alone because her mother is busy.
Anna usually goes shopping on Saturdays.
Mini-tips:
Для исчисляемых существительных всегда используйте How many, для неисчисляемых — How much.
В повседневной речи вместо How much часто говорят a little или some для небольшого количества.
Проговаривайте вопросы вслух: «How many apples do you want?» — это закрепляет структуру.
Family and Friends
Grammar Focus: Possessive ’s, Possessive Adjectives
Possessive ’s показывает принадлежность и используется с существительными:
This is Anna’s book. — Это книга Анны.
My brother’s room is big. — Комната моего брата большая.
Possessive Adjectives используются перед существительным, чтобы показать, кому что-то принадлежит:
my, your, his, her, its, our, their
Например: This is my book. — Это моя книга.
Примеры предложений с переводом:
This is my father’s car. — Это машина моего отца.
Her mother’s name is Anna. — Имя её матери — Анна.
Our friends are very kind. — Наши друзья очень добрые.
Their dog is friendly. — Их собака дружелюбная.
Правила использования:
’s добавляется к существительному: для ед. числа и большинства имен: Anna → Anna’s.
Для множественного числа на -s апостроф ставится после s: the teachers’ room — комната учителей.
Possessive adjectives всегда стоят перед существительным: my book, her friend.
Типичные ошибки:
Anna book → Anna’s book
She is my friend’s sister → правильно, если речь о принадлежности; не путайте с her friend’s sister (её сестра друга).
Советы для школьников:
Начинайте с использования my, your, his, her в простых предложениях.
Потом добавляйте ’s для конкретного имени или лица.
Проговаривайте вслух: This is my brother’s room, her mother’s name is…
Story: Anna’s Family
Anna lives with her family. Her father’s name is John and her mother’s name is Mary. They have a small house near the park. Anna’s brother is Tom. He is ten years old.
Anna loves spending time with her family. Her mother is cooking in the kitchen. Her father is reading a newspaper in the living room. Tom is playing with his friends outside.
Anna has many friends at school. Her best friend’s name is Lucy. Lucy’s brother is very funny. Anna and Lucy often play together in the park.
Anna likes learning about her friends’ families. Today, she is drawing a picture of her own family. She writes her parents’ names, her brother’s name, and her friends’ names too.
Useful Words and Expressions
family — семья
father — отец
mother — мать
brother — брат
sister — сестра
friend — друг / подруга
house — дом
park — парк
newspaper — газета
kitchen — кухня
living room — гостиная
play — играть
best friend — лучший друг
funny — смешной
name — имя
my — мой / моя / мои
your — твой / твоя / ваши
his — его
her — её
our — наш / наша / наши
their — их
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