Бесплатный фрагмент - ЕГЭ по английскому языку: топики, лексика, ответы на интервью

Введение

Дорогие читатели,

Эта книга создана специально для подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Она помогает подросткам систематизировать знания, изучать полезную лексику и практиковаться в ответах на вопросы, что будет особенно полезно как для письменной части, например при написании письма другу, так и для устной части экзамена — интервью и монологов.

Каждая глава посвящена актуальной теме, важной для повседневной жизни и личностного развития подростка. Подборка лексики с переводом на русский язык и примерами употребления позволяет запоминать слова и выражения в контексте, а вопросы с развернутыми ответами на английском языке учат правильно формулировать мысли, аргументировать мнение и использовать изученные слова.

Работая с этой книгой, подростки развивают навыки планирования ответов, структурирования информации и уверенного общения на английском языке. Каждая тема помогает не только успешно подготовиться к экзамену, но и научиться применять язык в реальной жизни — в письмах, разговорах с друзьями и обсуждениях актуальных тем.

Цель этой книги — сделать подготовку к ЕГЭ систематичной, эффективной и интересной, сочетая академический подход с практическими заданиями, которые отражают реальные ситуации общения на английском языке.

Family and Family Relationships

Topic Text

Family plays a very important role in people’s lives. It is usually the first place where a person learns how to communicate with others, solve problems, and show care and respect. For many people, family members are the closest and most supportive people in their lives. They help us in difficult situations and share happy moments with us.

A family can be large or small. Some people live in big families with grandparents, parents, children, and sometimes other relatives. Others live in nuclear families that include only parents and their children. Both types of families have their advantages. For example, in large families children can communicate with many relatives and learn from their experience. In smaller families parents often have more time to spend with each child.

Good family relationships are based on love, trust, and respect. It is important for family members to listen to each other and support each other. When people understand and respect different opinions, it becomes easier to solve conflicts and avoid misunderstandings. Communication is one of the most important factors that helps families stay strong and united.

Parents play a key role in children’s lives. They teach their children important values such as honesty, responsibility, and kindness. Parents also help children develop useful skills and prepare them for adult life. At the same time, children should respect their parents and appreciate everything they do for them. Mutual respect makes family relationships stronger.

However, conflicts sometimes happen in every family. For example, teenagers may argue with their parents about school, friends, or the amount of time they spend online. These disagreements are normal because young people want to become more independent. The most important thing is to discuss problems calmly and try to find a compromise.

Spending time together is another important part of family life. Many families enjoy doing activities together such as watching movies, travelling, celebrating holidays, or simply having dinner together. These moments help family members feel closer to each other and create happy memories.

In my opinion, strong family relationships make people feel happier and more confident. When people know that their family supports them, they feel safer and more motivated to achieve their goals. That is why it is important to value family relationships and try to make them better.

Useful Vocabulary

family members — члены семьи

All family members gathered together for the holiday dinner.

close relationship — близкие отношения

I have a very close relationship with my sister.

to support each other — поддерживать друг друга

Good families always support each other in difficult situations.

to spend time together — проводить время вместе

We try to spend time together every weekend.

to solve problems — решать проблемы

Family members should help each other solve problems.

mutual respect — взаимное уважение

Mutual respect is very important in every family.

to argue with someone — спорить с кем-то

Teenagers often argue with their parents.

to find a compromise — находить компромисс

It is important to find a compromise during conflicts.

to take care of someone — заботиться о ком-то

Parents take care of their children.

to appreciate something — ценить что-то

Children should appreciate their parents’ help.

to share experiences — делиться опытом

Grandparents often share their life experiences.

family traditions — семейные традиции

Many families have special traditions for holidays.

Personal Questions

How important is family in your life and why?

What do you usually do together with your family members?

Why do conflicts sometimes happen between parents and teenagers?

What can people do to improve family relationships?

Do you think family traditions are important? Why or why not?

Sample Answers

1. How important is family in your life and why?

Family is extremely important in my life. My family always supports me and helps me in difficult situations. I know that I can always rely on them.

2. What do you usually do together with your family members?

We often spend time together in the evenings or on weekends. For example, we watch movies, cook dinner, or go for a walk. Sometimes we travel together during holidays.

3. Why do conflicts sometimes happen between parents and teenagers?

Conflicts happen because teenagers want more independence. Sometimes parents and children have different opinions about school, friends, or free time. However, these problems can be solved through communication.

4. What can people do to improve family relationships?

People should listen to each other and respect different opinions. It is also important to spend time together and discuss problems calmly. Good communication helps avoid misunderstandings.

5. Do you think family traditions are important? Why or why not?

Yes, I think family traditions are very important. They help family members feel closer to each other and create special memories. Traditions also make holidays more meaningful and enjoyable.

Friendship and True Friends

Topic Text

Friendship is one of the most important parts of our lives. Friends support us, share our feelings, and make our lives more interesting. For many people, friends become almost like family members because they spend a lot of time together and trust each other. True friendship is based on honesty, loyalty, and mutual understanding.

A true friend is someone who is always ready to help in difficult situations. When people face problems, they often turn to their friends for advice or emotional support. A good friend listens carefully, tries to understand the situation, and gives useful advice. Sometimes friends simply help each other feel better by spending time together or talking about their problems.

Trust is one of the most important elements of friendship. People should be able to share their thoughts and feelings without being afraid of judgment. If friends trust each other, their relationship becomes stronger and more stable. Without trust, it is difficult to build a long-lasting friendship.

Another important quality of true friends is loyalty. Loyal friends stay with each other not only during happy moments but also during difficult times. They do not abandon each other when problems appear. Instead, they try to support and encourage each other. This kind of support helps people feel more confident and less lonely.

At the same time, friendship requires effort from both people. Friends should respect each other’s opinions and interests, even if they are different. Sometimes friends may argue or disagree with each other. However, if they value their friendship, they will try to solve conflicts peacefully and find a compromise.

Spending time together is also an important part of friendship. Friends often share hobbies and interests. They may go to the cinema, play sports, study together, or simply talk about their daily lives. These shared experiences help strengthen their relationship and create happy memories.

Nowadays technology also influences friendship. Social networks and messaging apps allow people to stay in touch even if they live far away from each other. However, many people believe that face-to-face communication is still more valuable because it helps people understand each other better.

In my opinion, true friends make our lives happier and more meaningful. They help us overcome difficulties, celebrate our successes, and feel supported. That is why it is important to appreciate our friends and try to be good friends ourselves.

Useful Vocabulary

true friend — настоящий друг

A true friend always supports you in difficult situations.

to trust someone — доверять кому-то

I trust my best friend because she always tells the truth.

loyalty — верность, преданность

Loyalty is one of the most important qualities in friendship.

to support someone — поддерживать кого-то

Good friends support each other during difficult times.

to give advice — давать совет

My friend often gives me useful advice.

to share feelings — делиться чувствами

Close friends usually share their feelings and experiences.

to rely on someone — полагаться на кого-то

You can rely on a true friend in any situation.

to argue with someone — спорить с кем-то

Friends sometimes argue but they usually make peace quickly.

to find a compromise — находить компромисс

It is important to find a compromise during disagreements.

to stay in touch — поддерживать связь

We stay in touch through social media and messages.

mutual understanding — взаимопонимание

Mutual understanding helps build strong friendships.

to appreciate someone — ценить кого-то

People should appreciate their true friends.

Personal Questions

What qualities do you think a true friend should have and why?

How did you meet your best friend and what do you like doing together?

Why is trust important in friendship?

Do you think it is possible to have many true friends or only a few? Why?

How can people maintain friendship if they live far away from each other?

Sample Answers

1. What qualities do you think a true friend should have and why?

I think a true friend should be honest, loyal, and supportive. It is important to trust your friend and feel comfortable sharing your thoughts. These qualities help build strong and lasting friendships.

2. How did you meet your best friend and what do you like doing together?

I met my best friend at school several years ago. We quickly became close because we have similar interests. We enjoy watching movies, studying together, and talking about our daily lives.

3. Why is trust important in friendship?

Trust is important because friends should feel safe sharing their feelings and problems. Without trust, people may feel uncomfortable or worried about being judged. Trust helps friendships become stronger.

4. Do you think it is possible to have many true friends or only a few? Why?

I believe people usually have only a few true friends. True friendship requires time, trust, and emotional connection. It is difficult to build such strong relationships with many people.

5. How can people maintain friendship if they live far away from each other?

People can stay in touch through social media, phone calls, and video chats. They can also visit each other when possible. Regular communication helps keep the friendship strong.

Teenagers and Their Problems

Topic Text

Teenage years are an important and sometimes difficult period in a person’s life. During this time young people grow up, develop their personalities, and try to understand who they are and what they want in the future. However, teenagers often face many different problems related to school, relationships, and personal development.

One of the most common problems for teenagers is academic pressure. Many students feel stressed because they have to study hard, do homework, and prepare for important exams. Sometimes they worry about their grades and their future career. This pressure can make teenagers feel anxious or tired, especially if they do not have enough time to relax.

Another problem is communication with parents. Teenagers often want more independence and freedom, while parents try to control and protect them. Because of this difference in opinions, conflicts may appear in the family. For example, parents may worry about their children’s friends, hobbies, or the amount of time they spend online. Teenagers, on the other hand, may feel that their parents do not understand them.

Peer pressure is also a serious issue. Many teenagers want to be accepted by their classmates or friends, so they may feel pressure to behave in a certain way. Sometimes young people are afraid of being different from others. In some cases, peer pressure can lead to risky or unhealthy behaviour.

Another challenge for teenagers is self-confidence. Many young people worry about their appearance, abilities, or popularity. Social media can sometimes make this problem worse because teenagers often compare themselves with others. When they see idealized photos and lifestyles online, they may start feeling insecure or dissatisfied with their own lives.

Despite these difficulties, teenagers can learn to cope with their problems in healthy ways. Talking to parents, teachers, or close friends can help them find solutions and feel supported. It is also important for teenagers to have hobbies, exercise regularly, and spend time doing activities they enjoy. These things help reduce stress and improve emotional well-being.

In my opinion, teenage problems are a natural part of growing up. They help young people learn how to deal with challenges and become more independent. With support from family, friends, and teachers, teenagers can overcome their difficulties and develop into confident and responsible adults.

Useful Vocabulary

teenage years — подростковые годы

Teenage years can be both exciting and challenging.

academic pressure — учебное давление

Many students experience academic pressure before exams.

to feel stressed — чувствовать стресс

Teenagers often feel stressed because of schoolwork.

peer pressure — давление со стороны сверстников

Peer pressure can influence teenagers’ behaviour.

to be accepted — быть принятым

Many teenagers want to be accepted by their classmates.

self-confidence — уверенность в себе

Sports can help teenagers develop self-confidence.

to compare oneself with others — сравнивать себя с другими

Social media makes people compare themselves with others.

to cope with problems — справляться с проблемами

It is important to learn how to cope with problems.

to reduce stress — уменьшать стресс

Exercise is a good way to reduce stress.

to feel insecure — чувствовать неуверенность

Some teenagers feel insecure about their appearance.

emotional support — эмоциональная поддержка

Friends and family can provide emotional support.

to overcome difficulties — преодолевать трудности

Support from parents helps teenagers overcome difficulties.

Personal Questions

What problems do teenagers usually face and why do they appear?

Do you think school causes a lot of stress for teenagers? Why or why not?

How can parents help teenagers deal with their problems?

Do social media influence teenagers’ self-confidence? Why?

What can teenagers do to reduce stress and feel happier?

Sample Answers

1. What problems do teenagers usually face and why do they appear?

Teenagers often face problems related to school, friendships, and communication with parents. These problems appear because young people are growing up and trying to become more independent. They are also under pressure from school and society.

2. Do you think school causes a lot of stress for teenagers? Why or why not?

Yes, I think school can cause a lot of stress. Students often have many homework assignments and exams. As a result, they may feel tired and worried about their grades.

3. How can parents help teenagers deal with their problems?

Parents can help teenagers by listening to them and giving useful advice. It is also important to support teenagers and try to understand their feelings. Good communication can solve many problems.

4. Do social media influence teenagers’ self-confidence? Why?

Yes, social media can influence teenagers’ self-confidence. Young people often compare themselves with others online. This can sometimes make them feel insecure.

5. What can teenagers do to reduce stress and feel happier?

Teenagers can reduce stress by doing sports, spending time with friends, and having hobbies. Talking to someone they trust can also help them feel better. These activities improve both mental and physical health.

Generation Gap Between Parents and Children

Topic Text

The generation gap is a common phenomenon that exists between parents and their children. It refers to differences in opinions, values, habits, and lifestyles between people of different ages. Because parents and teenagers grow up in different social and cultural environments, they may see the world in different ways.

One of the main reasons for the generation gap is the rapid development of society and technology. Young people grow up with modern technologies such as smartphones, social media, and the internet. They easily adapt to new trends and innovations. Parents, however, may find it more difficult to understand these technologies because they grew up in a different time when such tools were not available.

Another reason for the generation gap is the difference in life experience. Parents have more experience and often try to guide their children and protect them from mistakes. Teenagers, on the other hand, usually want more independence and freedom. They want to make their own decisions about their education, hobbies, and friends. This difference in attitudes sometimes leads to disagreements or arguments.

Communication problems can also increase the generation gap. Sometimes parents do not fully understand the interests or problems of their children. Teenagers may also feel that their parents are too strict or do not listen to their opinions. As a result, misunderstandings can appear in the family.

However, the generation gap does not always have negative effects. It can also be an opportunity for both sides to learn from each other. Parents can share their life experience and valuable advice, while young people can introduce their parents to new technologies and modern ideas. When family members respect each other’s opinions, they can build stronger relationships.

Good communication is the key to reducing the generation gap. Parents and children should try to listen to each other and discuss their problems calmly. It is also important to spend time together and take interest in each other’s lives. These simple actions can help family members understand each other better.

In my opinion, the generation gap is a natural part of family life. Differences between generations will always exist, but they do not have to lead to serious conflicts. If parents and children respect each other and communicate openly, they can maintain a strong and positive relationship.

Useful Vocabulary

generation gap — конфликт поколений

The generation gap sometimes causes misunderstandings between parents and teenagers.

different values — разные ценности

People from different generations may have different values.

life experience — жизненный опыт

Parents often give advice based on their life experience.

to guide someone — направлять кого-то

Parents try to guide their children and help them make good decisions.

to protect from mistakes — защищать от ошибок

Parents want to protect their children from mistakes.

to want independence — хотеть независимости

Teenagers usually want more independence.

to have disagreements — иметь разногласия

Parents and children sometimes have disagreements about school or friends.

misunderstanding — недопонимание

Poor communication can lead to misunderstandings.

to respect opinions — уважать мнения

Family members should respect each other’s opinions.

to reduce conflicts — уменьшать конфликты

Good communication helps reduce conflicts.

to discuss problems calmly — спокойно обсуждать проблемы

It is better to discuss problems calmly instead of arguing.

to understand each other better — лучше понимать друг друга

Spending time together helps families understand each other better.

Personal Questions

What is the generation gap and why does it appear between parents and children?

Do you think technology increases the generation gap? Why or why not?

What disagreements usually happen between teenagers and their parents?

How can parents and children reduce the generation gap?

Do you think teenagers should always follow their parents’ advice? Why or why not?

Sample Answers

1. What is the generation gap and why does it appear between parents and children?

The generation gap is the difference in opinions and values between parents and their children. It appears because they grow up in different times and environments. As a result, they may see the world differently.

2. Do you think technology increases the generation gap? Why or why not?

Yes, technology can increase the generation gap. Teenagers usually understand modern technology better than their parents. Because of this, parents may sometimes find it difficult to relate to their children’s interests.

3. What disagreements usually happen between teenagers and their parents?

Teenagers and parents often disagree about school, friends, or free time. Parents may want more control, while teenagers want more independence. These differences can lead to arguments.

4. How can parents and children reduce the generation gap?

They should communicate openly and listen to each other’s opinions. Spending time together and showing respect can also help. These actions improve understanding in the family.

5. Do you think teenagers should always follow their parents’ advice? Why or why not?

I think teenagers should listen to their parents’ advice because parents have more life experience. However, young people should also learn to make their own decisions. A balance between independence and advice is important.

Personal Qualities of a Good Person

Topic Text

Every person has a unique character and a set of personal qualities that influence how they behave and interact with others. Personal qualities are the traits that describe a person’s character, attitudes, and behaviour. Some qualities help people build strong relationships and succeed in life, while others may create difficulties. In my opinion, being a good person means having positive qualities such as kindness, honesty, responsibility, and respect for others.

Kindness is one of the most important qualities of a good person. A kind person is always ready to help others and show care and understanding. Kind people try to support their friends and family members when they face problems. Even small acts of kindness, such as giving advice or helping someone with a task, can make a big difference in other people’s lives.

Honesty is another essential quality. Honest people tell the truth and do not try to deceive others. Trust is built on honesty, and without trust it is difficult to create strong relationships. When people are honest, others feel comfortable communicating with them and sharing their thoughts and feelings.

Responsibility is also an important personal quality. Responsible people understand their duties and try to complete their tasks carefully and on time. For example, students should be responsible for their studies and homework. Responsible people can be trusted because they take their obligations seriously and try not to disappoint others.

Respect for other people is equally important. A good person respects the opinions, beliefs, and feelings of others, even if they are different from their own. Respect helps avoid conflicts and creates a positive atmosphere in communication. People who respect others are usually polite, patient, and tolerant.

Another valuable quality is reliability. Reliable people keep their promises and can be depended on in difficult situations. Friends and colleagues appreciate reliable people because they know they can rely on them for support and help.

Developing positive personal qualities is a lifelong process. People learn many important values from their parents, teachers, and friends. Education and life experience also play an important role in shaping a person’s character.

In conclusion, a good person is someone who treats others with kindness, honesty, and respect. Such people create positive relationships with others and contribute to a friendly and supportive society.

Useful Vocabulary

personal qualities — личные качества

Personal qualities influence how people interact with others.

kindness — доброта

Kindness helps create positive relationships between people.

honesty — честность

Honesty is an important quality in both friendship and work.

responsibility — ответственность

Responsibility helps people achieve their goals.

to keep promises — держать обещания

Reliable people always keep their promises.

to help others — помогать другим

A good person is always ready to help others.

to show respect — проявлять уважение

It is important to show respect to people around you.

to support someone — поддерживать кого-то

Friends should support each other in difficult times.

to be reliable — быть надёжным

A reliable person can always be trusted.

to treat people well — хорошо относиться к людям

We should treat people well regardless of their background.

to build trust — строить доверие

Honesty helps build trust between people.

to shape a person’s character — формировать характер человека

Education and family influence how a person’s character develops.

Personal Questions

What personal qualities do you think are the most important in a good person and why?

Which personal qualities do you appreciate most in your friends?

Do you think people are born with good qualities or develop them during their lives? Why?

Why is honesty important in relationships between people?

What personal qualities would you like to develop in the future and why?

Sample Answers

1. What personal qualities do you think are the most important in a good person and why?

Kindness and honesty are among the most important qualities of a good person. Kind people try to help others and show empathy in difficult situations. Honesty is also essential because it helps build trust in relationships.

2. Which personal qualities do you appreciate most in your friends?

Many people appreciate loyalty, kindness, and reliability in their friends. These qualities make relationships stronger and more stable. Friends with such qualities can support each other in difficult moments.

3. Do you think people are born with good qualities or develop them during their lives? Why?

Some personal qualities may appear naturally, but many of them develop during life. Family, education, and social environment play an important role in shaping a person’s character. Experience also helps people become more responsible and understanding.

4. Why is honesty important in relationships between people?

Honesty is important because it helps create trust between people. When individuals tell the truth, communication becomes easier and more open. Without honesty, relationships may become weak and unstable.

5. What personal qualities would you like to develop in the future and why?

Many teenagers would like to develop qualities such as patience and responsibility. These traits help people achieve their goals and deal with challenges more effectively. They are also important for future careers and relationships.

Helping Other People and Kindness

Topic Text

Helping other people is an important part of a healthy and supportive society. Kindness and willingness to help make communities stronger and create positive relationships between individuals. Even small acts of kindness can have a big impact on someone’s life and improve the atmosphere in society.

Kindness can be shown in many different ways. For example, people may help their friends with homework, support family members in difficult situations, or assist strangers who need help. Sometimes even simple actions, such as giving advice, listening to someone’s problems, or offering encouragement, can make another person feel better.

Helping others is beneficial not only for the person who receives help but also for the person who provides it. When individuals help others, they often feel happier and more satisfied with their lives. Many psychologists believe that acts of kindness improve emotional well-being and reduce stress. People who regularly help others usually feel more connected to their community.

Volunteering is another important way to help people. Volunteers often work in charities, hospitals, animal shelters, or community organizations. They spend their time helping people who are in need without expecting payment. Volunteering teaches responsibility, empathy, and cooperation. It also helps people develop useful skills and gain valuable experience.

Kindness is especially important in everyday communication. Polite words, respect, and understanding can make social interactions more pleasant. When people treat each other with kindness, conflicts become less common and cooperation becomes easier. A friendly attitude helps build trust and mutual respect between people.

Parents and teachers often try to teach children the importance of kindness from an early age. Young people learn to help others, share with friends, and show respect to different people. These values help them become responsible and caring members of society in the future.

In modern society people are often busy with work, studies, and personal responsibilities. However, it is still important to remember that helping others does not always require a lot of time or effort. Sometimes a simple act of kindness can change someone’s day and make the world a little better.

In conclusion, kindness and helping others are essential values that make society more positive and supportive. When people show empathy and support each other, communities become stronger and more harmonious.

Useful Vocabulary

kindness — доброта

Kindness helps create a friendly atmosphere in society.

to help someone in need — помогать нуждающимся

Many volunteers help people in need.

act of kindness — акт доброты

Even a small act of kindness can make someone happy.

to show empathy — проявлять сочувствие

Good people try to show empathy towards others.

emotional support — эмоциональная поддержка

Friends can provide emotional support in difficult situations.

to volunteer — заниматься волонтёрством

Many teenagers volunteer in community projects.

charity organization — благотворительная организация

Charity organizations help people who face serious problems.

to encourage someone — поддерживать, ободрять кого-то

Teachers often encourage students to do their best.

to make a difference — изменить ситуацию к лучшему

Helping others can make a real difference in society.

to care about others — заботиться о других

Kind people care about others and try to help them.

mutual support — взаимная поддержка

Mutual support is important in every community.

to improve well-being — улучшать благополучие

Acts of kindness can improve emotional well-being.

Personal Questions

Why is it important for people to help others?

In what situations can teenagers help other people? Give examples.

Do you think volunteering is useful for young people? Why or why not?

How can small acts of kindness influence society?

Why is kindness important in everyday communication?

Sample Answers

1. Why is it important for people to help others?

Helping others is important because it creates a supportive and friendly society. When people help each other, communities become stronger. Acts of kindness also improve emotional well-being.

2. In what situations can teenagers help other people? Give examples.

Teenagers can help their classmates with homework or support friends who have problems. Many young people also participate in volunteer activities or community projects. Such actions help develop responsibility and empathy.

3. Do you think volunteering is useful for young people? Why or why not?

Volunteering is very useful for young people. It helps teenagers develop important skills such as teamwork and communication. In addition, volunteering allows people to help others and gain valuable experience.

4. How can small acts of kindness influence society?

Small acts of kindness can create a more positive and friendly environment. When people help each other, trust and cooperation increase. This makes society more supportive.

5. Why is kindness important in everyday communication?

Kindness makes communication more pleasant and respectful. Polite behaviour helps avoid conflicts and misunderstandings. As a result, relationships between people become stronger.

School Life

Topic Text

School life is an important part of a student’s development and daily routine. For teenagers, school is not only a place to learn academic subjects but also a place to develop social skills, make friends, and discover personal interests. The experience at school has a significant influence on a young person’s personality and future.

A typical school day usually starts in the morning with lessons in different subjects, such as mathematics, science, languages, and history. Students must attend classes, complete homework, and prepare for exams. School can be challenging, especially when students have a lot of assignments or tests. However, it helps young people develop important skills such as discipline, time management, and responsibility.

Apart from studying, school provides opportunities for social interaction. Students communicate with teachers, classmates, and friends, which helps them develop communication and teamwork skills. Many schools organize extracurricular activities, such as sports, music, drama, or clubs. These activities allow students to explore their hobbies and talents, which contributes to a more balanced and fulfilling school experience.

Sometimes students face difficulties at school. Academic pressure, strict teachers, or conflicts with classmates can create stress. Teenagers may feel tired or anxious, especially during exam periods. It is important for students to learn how to manage stress, ask for help, and maintain a healthy balance between studies and free time.

School also teaches important life lessons beyond academics. Students learn to respect rules, work with others, and make decisions. Teachers often act as mentors and role models, helping teenagers develop their character and values. Peer relationships at school also teach young people about trust, cooperation, and empathy.

In my opinion, school life is a unique and valuable period. Although it can be stressful at times, it provides knowledge, social experience, and personal growth. Positive experiences at school can shape a teenager’s personality and help prepare them for adult life.

Useful Vocabulary

school life — школьная жизнь

School life helps students develop academically and socially.

academic subjects — школьные предметы

Students study different academic subjects, including math, science, and languages.

homework — домашнее задание

Teenagers often spend several hours on homework every day.

discipline — дисциплина

Discipline is important for successful learning at school.

extracurricular activities — внеклассные занятия

Many students participate in extracurricular activities like sports or clubs.

to manage stress — справляться со стрессом

Teenagers should learn how to manage stress during exams.

peer relationships — отношения со сверстниками

Positive peer relationships help students feel supported at school.

communication skills — навыки общения

School helps teenagers develop communication skills.

to balance studies and free time — совмещать учёбу и свободное время

It is important to balance studies and free time to avoid stress.

mentor — наставник

Teachers often act as mentors and guide students.

teamwork — командная работа

Many school projects require teamwork among students.

to prepare for exams — готовиться к экзаменам

Students spend a lot of time preparing for exams.

Personal Questions

What do teenagers usually do during a typical school day?

How can extracurricular activities help students develop?

What difficulties do students face at school and how can they handle them?

Why are peer relationships important at school?

In what ways can school influence a person’s future?

Sample Answers

1. What do teenagers usually do during a typical school day?

Teenagers attend lessons in different subjects, complete homework, and prepare for exams. They also communicate with teachers and classmates. School is a place for both learning and social interaction.

2. How can extracurricular activities help students develop?

Extracurricular activities allow teenagers to explore hobbies and develop talents. Activities like sports or clubs also teach teamwork, responsibility, and creativity. These experiences contribute to personal growth.

3. What difficulties do students face at school and how can they handle them?

Students may experience academic pressure, conflicts with classmates, or stress from exams. They can handle these difficulties by managing time, asking for help, and balancing studies with relaxation.

4. Why are peer relationships important at school?

Peer relationships help students feel supported and understood. Friends provide advice, emotional support, and opportunities to cooperate in projects. Positive relationships also teach empathy and communication skills.

5. In what ways can school influence a person’s future?

School influences the future by providing knowledge, social experience, and important life skills. Teachers and mentors help teenagers develop character and values. Good experiences at school prepare students for adult life and work.

Favourite School Subjects

Topic Text

Every student has favourite school subjects that they enjoy learning more than others. These subjects often reflect a student’s interests, talents, and future goals. Some teenagers prefer sciences like mathematics or biology, while others enjoy languages, literature, or arts. Choosing a favourite subject can make school life more interesting and motivate students to study harder.

Mathematics is a popular subject among students who like solving problems and thinking logically. It helps develop critical thinking, analytical skills, and attention to detail. Science subjects such as biology, chemistry, and physics are also popular because they allow students to explore how the world works. Experiments in science classes give teenagers practical experience and make learning more engaging.

Languages and literature are favourite subjects for students who enjoy reading, writing, and expressing themselves. Learning foreign languages helps teenagers communicate with people from different countries and understand other cultures. Literature lessons develop imagination, empathy, and analytical skills through the study of stories, poems, and novels.

Arts, music, and physical education are also common favourite subjects. They allow teenagers to develop creativity, physical skills, and emotional expression. Participating in these classes helps students relax, have fun, and improve their overall well-being.

Favourite subjects often influence students’ future career choices. For example, teenagers who enjoy biology may want to become doctors or biologists, while students who like languages may choose careers in translation or international relations. Studying a subject that one enjoys makes learning easier and more effective.

At the same time, students sometimes face challenges even in their favourite subjects. Difficult tasks, exams, or high expectations can create stress. However, enjoying a subject usually motivates students to overcome these difficulties and achieve good results.

In my opinion, having favourite school subjects is important because they make learning more enjoyable. When teenagers are interested in a subject, they are more likely to study actively, develop important skills, and discover their passions.

Useful Vocabulary

favourite subject — любимый предмет

Mathematics is a favourite subject for many students who enjoy problem-solving.

to enjoy learning — получать удовольствие от учёбы

Teenagers enjoy learning subjects that match their interests.

critical thinking — критическое мышление

Mathematics and science help develop critical thinking skills.

analytical skills — аналитические навыки

Analytical skills are important for problem-solving.

practical experience — практический опыт

Science experiments give students practical experience.

to express oneself — выражать себя

Literature lessons help students express themselves through writing.

creativity — креативность

Arts and music classes help develop creativity.

emotional expression — эмоциональное выражение

Physical education allows teenagers to release energy and express emotions.

career choice — выбор профессии

Favourite subjects often influence future career choices.

to be motivated — быть мотивированным

Enjoying a subject helps teenagers stay motivated to study.

to overcome difficulties — преодолевать трудности

Students overcome difficulties when they are interested in a subject.

to discover passions — открывать свои увлечения

Favourite subjects help students discover their passions and talents.

Personal Questions

What is one of the most popular school subjects among teenagers and why?

Which subjects do many students enjoy and how do they develop skills?

How can favourite subjects influence a person’s future career?

Do students sometimes face challenges even in their favourite subjects? How?

Why is it important for teenagers to have favourite subjects at school?

Sample Answers

1. What is one of the most popular school subjects among teenagers and why?

Mathematics is popular among teenagers who enjoy logical thinking and problem-solving. It helps develop critical thinking and analytical skills. Many students find it interesting because they can see practical applications of what they learn.

2. Which subjects do many students enjoy and how do they develop skills?

Science and literature are subjects that many students enjoy. Science develops analytical skills and gives practical experience, while literature develops imagination, empathy, and communication skills. These subjects help teenagers grow both intellectually and emotionally.

3. How can favourite subjects influence a person’s future career?

Favourite subjects often guide career choices. Teenagers who enjoy biology may become doctors or researchers, while those who enjoy languages may choose translation or teaching. Interest in a subject motivates people to study and achieve success in their chosen field.

4. Do students sometimes face challenges even in their favourite subjects? How?

Yes, students can face challenges such as difficult tasks, exams, or high expectations. However, interest in the subject usually helps teenagers stay motivated and overcome these difficulties. Enjoying a subject makes learning easier and more effective.

5. Why is it important for teenagers to have favourite subjects at school?

Having favourite subjects makes learning more enjoyable and motivates teenagers to study actively. Favourite subjects help develop important skills, explore talents, and discover personal interests. They also prepare students for future academic and career choices.

Homework: Useful or Not?

Topic Text

Homework is a common part of school life. Teachers often assign tasks for students to complete at home after lessons. Some people believe that homework is very useful because it helps students practice what they have learned in class and develop important skills. Others think that homework can be unnecessary or even stressful, especially when students receive too much of it.

One of the main advantages of homework is that it reinforces knowledge. When students review lessons and complete exercises at home, they remember information better. Homework also helps teenagers develop skills such as discipline, time management, and responsibility. Completing assignments regularly teaches students to work independently and meet deadlines.

Homework can also encourage critical thinking and creativity. For example, writing essays, preparing projects, or solving complex problems allows students to think more deeply about a topic and find their own solutions. These activities help develop skills that are important for higher education and future careers.

However, some people believe that homework can be stressful and take too much time. Teenagers often have many subjects at school, and a large amount of homework can make them tired and anxious. Excessive homework may also reduce free time for hobbies, sports, and social activities, which are important for a balanced lifestyle.

Teachers try to give meaningful homework that matches students’ abilities. When homework is well-designed, it helps students learn effectively without creating unnecessary stress. At the same time, parents can support teenagers by helping them organize their time and providing a quiet environment for study.

In my opinion, homework is useful if it is balanced and meaningful. It helps teenagers practice knowledge, develop important skills, and prepare for exams. However, too much homework can be harmful, so it is important to find a reasonable amount that allows students to learn and have time for other activities.

Useful Vocabulary

homework — домашнее задание

Many students spend one or two hours doing homework every day.

to reinforce knowledge — укреплять знания

Homework helps students reinforce knowledge learned in class.

discipline — дисциплина

Completing homework regularly develops discipline.

time management — управление временем

Homework teaches teenagers time management skills.

responsibility — ответственность

Students learn responsibility by completing assignments on time.

critical thinking — критическое мышление

Projects and essays develop critical thinking.

to be stressful — быть стрессовым

Too much homework can be stressful for teenagers.

balanced lifestyle — сбалансированный образ жизни

Teenagers need a balanced lifestyle with study, hobbies, and rest.

to prepare for exams — готовиться к экзаменам

Homework helps students prepare for exams effectively.

meaningful homework — полезное, содержательное задание

Teachers try to give meaningful homework that helps students learn.

to organize time — организовывать время

Parents can help teenagers organize time for homework.

to reduce stress — уменьшать стресс

Balanced homework helps reduce stress and improve learning.

Personal Questions

Why do teachers assign homework to students?

How can homework help teenagers develop important skills?

Can homework be harmful? In what ways?

How can parents help students with homework?

Do you think homework is more useful than harmful? Why?

Sample Answers

1. Why do teachers assign homework to students?

Teachers assign homework to help students practice lessons and reinforce knowledge. Homework also teaches discipline and responsibility. Completing tasks at home allows teenagers to study independently.

2. How can homework help teenagers develop important skills?

Homework develops skills such as time management, responsibility, and critical thinking. Working on projects and essays teaches teenagers to organize their thoughts and solve problems independently.