Бесплатный фрагмент - Лексика для ОГЭ по английскому языку

Предисловие

Дорогие учащиеся!

Этот учебник создан, чтобы помочь вам уверенно развивать английский язык и подготовиться к ОГЭ. Каждая из глав посвящена важной теме повседневной жизни, школы, хобби, эмоций, будущих планов и многого другого.

Каждая глава построена по простой и удобной структуре:

Word Power — новые слова и выражения с пояснением на русском и примерами на английском.

Reading Text — интересный текст для чтения, где повторяются ключевые слова, чтобы вы лучше их запомнили.

Check Your Understanding — вопросы на понимание текста и размышление о себе.

Build Your Vocabulary — упражнения на выбор слов, соответствие значений и заполнение пропусков.

Answer Key — все ответы для самопроверки, чтобы вы могли следить за прогрессом.

Особое внимание уделено сложным парам слов (например, aim / goal, plan / hope, personality / character), которые часто вызывают трудности у школьников. Это поможет вам правильно использовать английскую лексику в речи и письме.

Учебник рассчитан на ежедневную практику. Читайте тексты, учите слова, выполняйте упражнения и обсуждайте темы с друзьями или учителем. Постепенно вы научитесь выражать мысли на английском языке уверенно и правильно, а подготовка к ОГЭ станет увлекательной и эффективной.

Желаю вам успехов в изучении английского и достижения всех ваших целей!

Daily Routine

Word Power

wake up — просыпаться

I usually wake up at 7 a.m. every day.

Я обычно просыпаюсь в 7 утра каждый день.

He didn’t wake up on time yesterday.

Он вчера не проснулся вовремя.

get ready — собираться, готовиться

She gets ready for school in 30 minutes.

Она собирается в школу за 30 минут.

We need to get ready before the guests arrive.

Нам нужно собраться, пока не пришли гости.

fit / healthy — в хорошей форме / здоровый

Regular exercise keeps you fit and healthy.

Регулярные упражнения помогают оставаться в форме и здоровым.

Eating fruits and vegetables is important for staying healthy.

Есть фрукты и овощи важно, чтобы оставаться здоровым.

affect / effect — влиять / эффект, результат

Lack of sleep can negatively affect your mood.

Недостаток сна может негативно влиять на настроение.

A positive daily routine has a good effect on energy levels.

Положительная ежедневная рутина хорошо влияет на уровень энергии.

Reading Text

A daily routine is very important for teenagers who want to stay fit and healthy. Most students wake up early, have breakfast, and get ready for school. Some go jogging, do exercises, or stretch in the morning. These habits keep them fit and also have a positive effect on their mood during the day.

After school, teenagers have homework, hobbies, or other activities. How they manage their time can affect their free time and how relaxed they feel. Spending time with friends and doing hobbies can positively affect emotions and energy. Eating healthy snacks and drinking water also helps students stay healthy even on busy days.

Even small routines, like going to bed at the same time, have a big effect on overall health. Teenagers who ignore routines may feel tired or less motivated. Following a daily routine keeps both the body and mind fit and healthy, and helps balance study, hobbies, and rest.

Check Your Understanding

What do many students do in the morning to stay fit?

How can time management affect free time?

Why does following a daily routine help teenagers feel good?

How do healthy snacks and water influence a teenager’s day?

Do you think having a daily routine is important for students? Why?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

To wake up means to:

a) go to bed

b) get out of sleep

c) eat breakfast

d) exercise

Something healthy:

a) is bad for you

b) helps your body

c) is boring

d) is expensive

Effect is:

a) a result

b) an action

c) a feeling

d) a habit

To get ready means to:

a) prepare yourself

b) sleep more

c) eat slowly

d) read a book

Exercise 2 — Matching

Match the English words (1–5) with their Russian meanings (A–E). Write the correct letter next to each number.

English words:

wake up

get ready

fit

effect

healthy

Russian meanings:

A. просыпаться

B. собираться, готовиться

C. в хорошей форме

D. эффект, результат

E. здоровый

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

They wake up early, have breakfast, and exercise or do morning activities.

Poor time management can reduce free time, while good management helps enjoy it.

It keeps their body and mind fit and healthy, balancing study, hobbies, and rest.

Healthy snacks and water help teenagers stay healthy and energetic.

Sample answer: Yes, because a daily routine helps organize time, stay healthy, and feel energetic.

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

b) get out of sleep

b) helps your body

a) a result

a) prepare yourself

Exercise 2 — Matching

1 → A

2 → B

3 → C

4 → D

5 → E

Hobbies and Free Time

Word Power

like / enjoy — любить / получать удовольствие

I really like reading books.

Мне очень нравится читать книги.

She enjoys playing the guitar in the evening.

Ей приятно играть на гитаре вечером.

borrow / lend — брать взаймы / давать взаймы

Can I borrow your pen?

Могу я взять у тебя ручку?

I lent my friend a book yesterday.

Я дал другу книгу вчера.

interested in / interested to — интересоваться / быть готовым сделать

He is interested in photography.

Он интересуется фотографией.

I’m interested to see the new movie.

Мне интересно посмотреть новый фильм.

fun / funny — весело / смешно

Playing football is really fun.

Играть в футбол очень весело.

This joke is so funny!

Эта шутка такая смешная!

Reading Text

Teenagers today have many ways to spend their free time and take up new hobbies. Some like reading books, others enjoy sports, music, or art. Choosing the right hobby can be very fun and help reduce stress. Creative hobbies, like drawing or writing, are also interesting and make life more enjoyable.

Many students borrow materials or books from friends or the library, and sometimes they lend their own things to others. Sharing hobbies or items with friends is a good way to spend time together.

It is important to be interested in what you do. If you are curious about a hobby, you will learn faster and enjoy it more. Watching a funny video or listening to a funny story can make you feel happy and relaxed. Hobbies not only entertain you but also have a positive effect on emotions and energy.

Check Your Understanding

What hobbies do teenagers like or enjoy?

How do teenagers borrow and lend items?

Why is being interested in a hobby important?

What is the difference between fun and funny in hobbies?

Which hobby would you like to try and why?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

To borrow something means to:

a) give it to someone

b) take it for temporary use

c) buy it

d) forget it

Something fun is:

a) enjoyable

b) silly

c) boring

d) difficult

Enjoy means:

a) dislike

b) get pleasure from

c) do quickly

d) forget

Something funny is:

a) entertaining

b) silly or makes you laugh

c) useful

d) serious

Exercise 2 — Matching

Match the English words (1–5) with their Russian meanings (A–E).

English words:

like

enjoy

borrow

lend

funny

Russian meanings:

A. получать удовольствие

B. смешной

C. любить

D. давать взаймы

E. брать взаймы

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

Teenagers like or enjoy reading, sports, music, art, or creative hobbies.

They borrow items from friends or libraries and lend their own things.

Being interested in a hobby helps you learn faster and enjoy it more.

Fun means enjoyable; funny means something makes you laugh.

Sample answer: I would like to try painting because it looks fun and relaxing.

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

b) take it for temporary use

a) enjoyable

b) get pleasure from

b) silly or makes you laugh

Exercise 2 — Matching

1 → C

2 → A

3 → E

4 → D

5 → B

School Life

Word Power

learn / study — учить / изучать

I want to learn new words every day.

Я хочу учить новые слова каждый день.

She studies English at school.

Она изучает английский в школе.

teach / show — преподавать / показывать

My teacher teaches math very well.

Мой учитель отлично преподаёт математику.

Can you show me how to solve this problem?

Можешь показать мне, как решить эту задачу?

homework / assignment — домашнее задание / задание (проектное или формальное)

I have a lot of homework tonight.

У меня много домашней работы сегодня вечером.

Our teacher gave us an assignment to prepare a presentation.

Учитель дал нам задание подготовить презентацию.

class / lesson — класс / урок

Our class is very friendly.

Наш класс очень дружный.

Today we have a science lesson.

Сегодня у нас урок по естествознанию.

Reading Text

School life is an important part of every teenager’s daily routine. Students go to lessons to learn new subjects and study important topics. Teachers teach students not only facts but also useful skills for the future. Sometimes, teachers show examples to make lessons clearer.

Each student has homework to complete every day. Some tasks are simple, like writing exercises, while other assignments can be more complex, such as preparing a project or presentation. Completing homework and assignments on time helps students feel prepared for class and improves their understanding.

In addition to lessons, students spend time in their class with friends, talking, studying together, or helping each other. School life can be both challenging and enjoyable. Learning new things and completing assignments gives a sense of achievement, while fun activities in class make school life exciting. The right balance between studying and free time positively affects both mood and academic success.

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between learn and study?

How do teachers teach and show students information?

Why are homework and assignments important?

How do students spend time in their class besides lessons?

Which subject do you like most at school and why?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

To study means to:

a) relax

b) learn systematically

c) play games

d) borrow a book

To teach someone means to:

a) show or explain something

b) do homework

c) watch TV

d) be bored

Homework is:

a) class activity

b) task to do at home

c) a break

d) lesson

A lesson is:

a) a classroom

b) a time when you study a subject

c) homework

d) an assignment

Exercise 2 — Matching

Match the English words (1–5) with their Russian meanings (A–E).

English words:

learn

study

teach

homework

assignment

Russian meanings:

A. изучать

B. учить

C. преподавать

D. домашнее задание

E. задание (проектное, формальное)

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

Learn — получать знания; study — систематически изучать предмет.

Teachers teach by explaining, and show by giving examples or demonstrations.

Homework and assignments help students understand lessons and prepare for class.

Students spend time in class talking, studying together, and helping each other.

Sample answer: I like English because I enjoy reading and learning new words.

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

b) learn systematically

a) show or explain something

b) task to do at home

b) a time when you study a subject

Exercise 2 — Matching

1 → B

2 → A

3 → C

4 → D

5 → E

Friends and Family

Word Power

relative / relation — родственник / отношение

My uncle is my closest relative.

Мой дядя — мой ближайший родственник.

Good communication is important in any relation.

Хорошее общение важно в любых отношениях.

neighbor / nearby — сосед / рядом

Our neighbor helped us carry the heavy boxes.

Наш сосед помог нам нести тяжёлые коробки.

There is a shop nearby our house.

Рядом с нашим домом есть магазин.

married / wedding — женатый, замужняя / свадьба

My parents are married for twenty years.

Мои родители женаты уже двадцать лет.

We went to a beautiful wedding last weekend.

В прошлые выходные мы были на красивой свадьбе.

friend / best friend — друг / лучший друг

I met my friend at school.

Я познакомился со своим другом в школе.

Sarah is my best friend; we share everything.

Сара — моя лучшая подруга; мы делимся всем.

Reading Text

Friends and family are very important in a teenager’s life. A friend can help, support, and share hobbies. A best friend is someone you trust the most and spend a lot of time with. Friendships can positively affect your mood and self-confidence.

Family members, especially relatives, provide support and advice. Good relations between family members make home life happier. Living nearby relatives or friends makes it easier to spend time together and share experiences.

Some teenagers have parents who are married, while others may celebrate a wedding of a sibling or relative. Weddings are often fun events where friends and family come together. Strong relationships with friends and family help teenagers feel safe, confident, and happy. Both friends and relatives have a big effect on daily life and emotional well-being.

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between a friend and a best friend?

How do relatives and relations affect family life?

Why is living nearby relatives or friends useful?

What is the difference between married and wedding?

Who is the most important person in your life, a friend or a family member, and why?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

A relative is:

a) a friend at school

b) a family member

c) a neighbor

d) a teacher

Nearby means:

a) far away

b) next to or close

c) married

d) fun

A wedding is:

a) a married person

b) a ceremony where people get married

c) a relationship

d) a birthday party

A best friend is:

a) someone you barely know

b) a friend you trust most

c) a teacher

d) a neighbor

Exercise 2 — Matching

Match the English words (1–5) with their Russian meanings (A–E).

English words:

relative

relation

neighbor

married

wedding

Russian meanings:

A. родственник

B. отношение

C. сосед

D. женатый / замужняя

E. свадьба

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

A friend is someone you like and spend time with; a best friend is someone you trust most.

Relatives are family members; good relations make family life happier.

Living nearby makes it easier to spend time together and help each other.

Married describes people who are in a marriage; a wedding is the ceremony of getting married.

Sample answer: My family is the most important because they always support me.

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

b) a family member

b) next to or close

b) a ceremony where people get married

b) a friend you trust most

Exercise 2 — Matching

1 → A

2 → B

3 → C

4 → D

5 → E

Describing Yourself

Word Power

tall / high — высокий / высокий (об объектах)

My brother is very tall.

Мой брат очень высокий.

The building is high and modern.

Здание высокое и современное.

thin / slim — худой / стройный

She is thin because she doesn’t eat much.

Она худенькая, потому что мало ест.

He looks slim after exercising regularly.

Он выглядит стройным после регулярных тренировок.

shy / quiet — застенчивый / тихий

I was too shy to speak in front of the class.

Я был слишком застенчив, чтобы говорить перед классом.

My sister is very quiet and doesn’t talk much.

Моя сестра очень тихая и мало говорит.

fun / funny — весёлый / смешной

My friend is fun to be with.

С моим другом весело проводить время.

That joke was really funny!

Эта шутка была действительно смешная!

Reading Text

When describing yourself, you can talk about your appearance and personality. For example, some people are tall or short, thin or slim, and have different hair or eye colors. Physical appearance is only one part of who you are.

Personality is also important. Some teenagers are shy or quiet, while others are cheerful and fun to be with. Being friendly, kind, and honest makes relationships with friends and family easier. A funny sense of humor can make people laugh and feel happy around you.

It’s useful to know how to describe yourself in English. You can say: «I am tall and slim,» or «I am shy but friendly.» Describing yourself clearly helps when meeting new people or introducing yourself in school. Both appearance and personality affect how others see you and how confident you feel.

Check Your Understanding

What words can you use to describe physical appearance?

What is the difference between shy and quiet?

Why is personality important when meeting new people?

How can a funny sense of humor help in relationships?

How would you describe yourself to a new friend?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

Tall refers to:

a) height of a person

b) height of a building

c) weight of a person

d) mood

Slim means:

a) overweight

b) thin in a healthy way

c) shy

d) fun

Shy means:

a) quiet and reserved

b) humorous

c) energetic

d) tall

Funny means:

a) enjoyable

b) amusing, makes you laugh

c) kind

d) boring

Exercise 2 — Matching

Match the English words (1–5) with their Russian meanings (A–E).

English words:

tall

thin

shy

fun

funny

Russian meanings:

A. высокий (о человеке)

B. худой

C. застенчивый

D. весёлый

E. смешной

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

Words for appearance: tall, short, thin, slim, hair/eye color.

Shy means afraid or nervous to speak; quiet means not talking much.

Personality helps people understand you and feel comfortable with you.

A funny sense of humor makes people laugh and improves relationships.

Sample answer: I am slim and tall. I am friendly and fun.

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

a) height of a person

b) thin in a healthy way

a) quiet and reserved

b) amusing, makes you laugh

Exercise 2 — Matching

1 → A

2 → B

3 → C

4 → D

5 → E

Home and Rooms

Word Power

house / home — дом / дом как место для жизни

We bought a new house in the city.

Мы купили новый дом в городе.

I feel happy when I am at home.

Я чувствую себя счастливым, когда я дома.

living room / lounge — гостиная / комната для отдыха

The living room is spacious and bright.

Гостиная просторная и светлая.

In England, people often call it a lounge.

В Англии её часто называют «lounge».

furniture / furnishing — мебель / обстановка

We bought new furniture for the kitchen.

Мы купили новую мебель для кухни.

The room looks nice because of the new furnishings.

Комната выглядит красиво благодаря новой обстановке.

bed / mattress — кровать / матрас

I have a big comfortable bed in my room.

У меня в комнате большая удобная кровать.

The mattress is soft and perfect for sleeping.

Матрас мягкий и идеально подходит для сна.

Reading Text

A home is not only a house but also a place where people feel safe and comfortable. Each room has a different function. The living room or lounge is usually for relaxing, watching TV, or spending time with family. Bedrooms are for sleeping and personal activities.

Furniture in a home can include sofas, chairs, tables, and shelves. Furnishings like curtains, carpets, and decorations make rooms more comfortable and stylish. A good bed and a soft mattress are important for a healthy sleep.

People often like to decorate their rooms with personal items. The arrangement of furniture and furnishings affects how cozy and welcoming a home feels. A well-organized home helps teenagers feel relaxed, happy, and ready for the day. Whether it is a small apartment or a big house, the right combination of rooms, furniture, and decoration makes it a comfortable place to live.

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between house and home?

What is the function of a living room?

How do furniture and furnishings affect a room?

Why is a good bed and mattress important?

How would you arrange your room to make it comfortable?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

A house is:

a) a place to sleep

b) a building where people live

c) a piece of furniture

d) a garden

A home is:

a) a feeling of comfort and safety

b) a type of bed

c) a kitchen

d) a school

Furniture includes:

a) curtains and decorations

b) chairs and tables

c) carpets

d) lights

A mattress is:

a) part of a bed

b) a type of sofa

c) a wall decoration

d) a table

Exercise 2 — Matching

Match the English words (1–5) with their Russian meanings (A–E).

English words:

house

home

furniture

furnishings

mattress

Russian meanings:

A. дом (здание)

B. дом (место, где живёшь)

C. мебель

D. обстановка, предметы интерьера

E. матрас

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

A house is a building; a home is a place where you live and feel comfortable.

A living room is for relaxing, watching TV, or spending time with family.

Furniture and furnishings make rooms comfortable, organized, and stylish.

A good bed and mattress are important for healthy sleep.

Sample answer: I would put my desk near the window, a bed in the corner, and add some decorations to make it cozy.

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

b) a building where people live

a) a feeling of comfort and safety

b) chairs and tables

a) part of a bed

Exercise 2 — Matching

1 → A

2 → B

3 → C

4 → D

5 → E

Neighbourhood and City

Word Power

street / road — улица / дорога

There are many trees along our street.

На нашей улице много деревьев.

We drove along the road to the countryside.

Мы ехали по дороге за город.

town / city — маленький город / большой город

My grandmother lives in a small town.

Моя бабушка живёт в маленьком городе.

London is a very big city.

Лондон — очень большой город.

near / close to — рядом / близко к

My school is near the park.

Моя школа рядом с парком.

The supermarket is close to my house.

Супермаркет находится близко к моему дому.

shop / store — магазин (брит.) / магазин (амер.)

I often buy bread at the local shop.

Я часто покупаю хлеб в местном магазине.

There is a big store in the city centre.

В центре города есть большой магазин.

Reading Text

Living in a town or city is very different. Some people prefer quiet roads outside the city, while others enjoy busy streets with many shops and cafes.

In a town, life is slower and more peaceful. People often know their neighbours and local shopkeepers. A city has more opportunities for work, school, and entertainment, but it can be crowded and noisy.

It is important to know what is near or close to your home. Parks, shops, and schools that are nearby make life easier. Many people go shopping at a shop or a store. A shop is usually small and local, while a store can be large with many departments.

A well-organized neighbourhood affects how people feel. Quiet streets, friendly neighbours, and shops close to home make life more enjoyable and safe, whether you live in a town or a city.

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between a street and a road?

How are life in a town and a city different?

Why is it useful to know what is near or close to your home?

How does a shop differ from a store?

Describe your ideal neighbourhood.

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice (contextual)

Choose the correct word to complete the sentence:

There are many trees and houses along our ______.

a) road

b) street

c) city

I live in a small ______ with friendly people.

a) shop

b) city

c) town

The supermarket is ______ my house, so I can walk there.

a) far from

b) near

c) road

A ______ usually has many floors and departments.

a) store

b) shop

c) street

People prefer living on a quiet ______ outside the city.

a) street

b) road

c) town

Exercise 2 — Fill in the Context

Complete the sentences with the correct word: street / road / town / city / shop

The main ______ in our neighbourhood is very busy.

We drove along the country ______ to visit grandparents.

I live in a small ______ with only one school.

Moscow is a huge ______ with millions of people.

I bought a sandwich at the local ______.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

A street is in a town or city and usually has houses and shops; a road can be in the city or countryside and is mainly for travelling.

Towns are smaller, quieter, and friendlier; cities are larger, busier, and have more opportunities.

Knowing what is near or close to your home makes life easier, for example, reaching shops or schools quickly.

A shop is small and local; a store is larger and has more departments.

Sample answer: I would like a quiet neighbourhood with parks, shops, and schools nearby, where I can walk to everything.

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

b) street

c) town

b) near

a) store

b) road

Exercise 2 — Fill in the Context

1 → street

2 → road

3 → town

4 → city

5 → shop

Travel and Transport

Word Power

get on / get off — садиться / выходить (из транспорта)

We got on the bus at the station.

Мы сели в автобус на станции.

She got off the train at the next stop.

Она вышла из поезда на следующей остановке.

ticket / fare — билет / плата за проезд

I bought a ticket for the train online.

Я купил билет на поезд онлайн.

The bus fare is 50 rubles.

Плата за проезд в автобусе — 50 рублей.

trip / journey — поездка / путешествие (обычно длинное)

We had a short weekend trip to the mountains.

У нас была короткая поездка в горы на выходные.

The journey to London took four hours.

Путешествие в Лондон заняло четыре часа.

bus / coach — автобус / междугородний автобус

The bus takes me to school every day.

Автобус отвозит меня в школу каждый день.

We travelled to Paris by coach last summer.

Прошлым летом мы поехали в Париж междугородним автобусом.

Reading Text

Travelling is exciting, but it is important to know how to use transport properly. Before a journey, you should buy a ticket and check the fare. If you are taking the bus or train, you get on at the station and get off at your stop.

Short trips are great for weekends, but long journeys require planning. Some people prefer to travel by bus in the city, while others use a coach for longer distances. Trains, planes, and even bicycles are popular too.

During a journey, it is important to follow the rules and stay safe. Travelling can also be fun: you can see new places, meet people, and enjoy the scenery. A well-planned trip affects your mood and comfort, making travel enjoyable. Learning how to get on and get off different types of transport is an important skill for every traveller.

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between get on and get off?

How do you buy a ticket and check the fare?

What is the difference between a trip and a journey?

When would you use a bus or a coach?

Describe your favourite way to travel and why.

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice (contextual)

Choose the correct word to complete the sentence:

We ______ the train at the next station.

a) get on

b) get off

c) buy

I need a ______ for the bus.

a) fare

b) ticket

c) journey

A short weekend ______ is fun with friends.

a) journey

b) trip

c) bus

We travelled by ______ to another city.

a) coach

b) street

c) shop

The bus ______ to school every day.

a) journeys

b) gets on

c) takes me

Exercise 2 — Fill in the Context

Complete the sentences with the correct word: get on / get off / ticket / fare / journey / trip / bus / coach

We ______ the train at 9 a.m. and ______ at 11 a.m.

The ______ for the subway is 40 rubles.

Last summer we had a weekend ______ to the lake.

I take the ______ to school every day.

For travelling between cities, we prefer a ______.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

Get on means to enter transport; get off means to leave it.

You buy a ticket and check the fare to know how much to pay.

A trip is usually short; a journey can be long and planned.

A bus is for city travel; a coach is for long-distance travel.

Sample answer: I like travelling by train because it is comfortable and I can enjoy the view.

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

b) get off

b) ticket

b) trip

a) coach

c) takes me

Exercise 2 — Fill in the Context

get on / get off

fare

trip

bus

coach

Shopping and Money

Word Power

buy / sell — покупать / продавать

I want to buy a new phone.

Я хочу купить новый телефон.

She sells old books online.

Она продаёт старые книги в интернете.

price / cost — цена / стоимость

The price of this dress is 50 dollars.

Цена этого платья — 50 долларов.

The total cost of the trip was 2000 rubles.

Общая стоимость поездки составила 2000 рублей.

shop / market — магазин / рынок

I usually go to the local shop for bread.

Я обычно хожу в местный магазин за хлебом.

Fruits and vegetables are fresh at the market.

Фрукты и овощи свежие на рынке.

change / cash — мелочь / наличные

Do you have change for a 100-ruble bill?

У тебя есть мелочь для 100-рублёвой купюры?

I always pay in cash at small shops.

Я всегда плачу наличными в маленьких магазинах.

Reading Text

Shopping is part of everyday life. People buy and sell items in shops, markets, and online. The price of a product is what the shop asks, while the total cost depends on the number of items or taxes.

You can go to a small shop for daily goods or visit a big market to buy fresh fruits and vegetables. Paying in cash is common in small shops, while bigger stores accept cards. Sometimes, you need change if you pay with a large bill.

Knowing the difference between buying and selling, checking the price and cost, and understanding how to pay with cash or get change is very important. Shopping smartly affects your budget and helps you save money. Learning these words makes it easier to communicate in shops, ask about products, and handle money properly.

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between buy and sell?

How do price and cost differ?

When would you go to a shop and when to a market?

Why is it important to know cash and change?

What is your favourite thing to buy and why?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice (contextual)

Choose the correct word to complete the sentence:

I want to ______ a new jacket.

a) sell

b) buy

c) cash

The total ______ of the meal was 500 rubles.

a) price

b) cost

c) change

The fruits at the ______ are fresh and cheap.

a) shop

b) market

c) cash

I paid in ______ because the shop does not accept cards.

a) cash

b) change

c) sell

He ______ old toys online to make some money.

a) buys

b) sells

c) costs

Exercise 2 — Fill in the Context

Complete the sentences with the correct word: buy / sell / price / cost / shop / market / cash / change

I want to ______ a new phone this weekend.

She ______ her old clothes on the internet.

The ______ of this bag is 40 dollars.

The total ______ of the groceries was 600 rubles.

I usually go to a small ______ for bread.

Fruits are fresh at the local ______.

I paid in ______ and got some ______ for the large bill.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

Buy means to get something by paying money; sell means to give something in exchange for money.

Price is the value of a single item; cost is the total amount you pay.

Go to a shop for small everyday items; go to a market for fresh fruits, vegetables, or variety.

Knowing cash and change helps you pay correctly and avoid mistakes.

Sample answer: I like to buy chocolate because it tastes good.

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

b) buy

b) cost

b) market

a) cash

b) sells

Exercise 2 — Fill in the Context

buy

sells

price

cost

shop

market

cash / change

Food and Eating Habits

Word Power

eat / have — есть / употреблять (включает приём пищи)

I usually eat breakfast at 7 a.m.

Я обычно завтракаю в 7 утра.

I have lunch at school with my friends.

Я обедаю в школе с друзьями.

taste / flavour — вкус / аромат, оттенок вкуса

This cake tastes sweet and delicious.

Этот торт на вкус сладкий и вкусный.

I like the flavour of vanilla in ice cream.

Мне нравится аромат ванили в мороженом.

meal / dish — приём пищи / блюдо

I usually have three meals a day.

Я обычно делаю три приёма пищи в день.

Spaghetti is my favourite Italian dish.

Спагетти — моё любимое итальянское блюдо.

vegetables / fruit — овощи / фрукты

Eating fresh vegetables is healthy.

Есть свежие овощи полезно для здоровья.

I eat a lot of fruit, especially apples and bananas.

Я ем много фруктов, особенно яблок и бананов.

Reading Text

Healthy eating is important for teenagers. People usually eat three meals a day: breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Some people have snacks between meals.

Food is not just about nutrition; it is also about taste and flavour. A good dish should be tasty and enjoyable. For example, spaghetti is a popular dish, and fresh fruits and vegetables are eaten every day for health.

Breakfast often includes cereal, bread, eggs, or fruit. Lunch can be a sandwich, soup, or salad. Dinner is usually larger and can include meat, fish, or vegetables. Eating a balanced diet affects your energy, mood, and overall health.

Knowing how to talk about food, meals, dishes, and their taste helps students order food, describe their preferences, and discuss healthy habits with friends or teachers.

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between eat and have?

How are taste and flavour different?

Why is it important to eat vegetables and fruit every day?

What is the difference between a meal and a dish?

What is your favourite dish, and why do you like it?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice (contextual)

Choose the correct word to complete the sentence:

I usually ______ breakfast at 7 a.m.

a) have

b) eat

c) taste

I like the ______ of chocolate ice cream.

a) taste

b) flavour

c) dish

Spaghetti is a popular Italian ______.

a) meal

b) dish

c) fruit

I eat a lot of ______ and salad every day.

a) vegetables

b) dishes

c) taste

Sometimes I ______ a snack between lunch and dinner.

a) have

b) flavour

c) dish

Exercise 2 — Fill in the Context

Complete the sentences with the correct word: eat / have / taste / flavour / meal / dish / vegetables / fruit

I usually ______ breakfast at 7 a.m.

For lunch, I often ______ a sandwich and salad.

I like the ______ of vanilla in ice cream.

Spaghetti is my favourite Italian ______.

Eating fresh ______ is good for your health.

I try to eat a lot of ______ every day.

A good food should ______ delicious.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

Eat refers to the act of consuming food; have can refer to a meal or snack.

Taste is how food feels on your tongue; flavour is the overall aroma and character of food.

Eating vegetables and fruit provides vitamins and keeps you healthy.

A meal is a time when you eat; a dish is a specific type of food you eat.

Sample answer: My favourite dish is pizza because it is tasty and cheesy.

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

b) eat

b) flavour

b) dish

a) vegetables

a) have

Exercise 2 — Fill in the Context

eat

have

flavour

dish

vegetables

fruit

tastes

Chapter 11 — Health and Fitness

Word Power

fit / healthy — в хорошей форме / здоровый

I go jogging every morning to stay fit.

Я бегаю по утрам, чтобы быть в хорошей форме.

Eating fruits and vegetables keeps you healthy.

Употребление фруктов и овощей делает тебя здоровым.

exercise / workout — упражнение / тренировка

Doing a few simple exercises can improve your posture.

Несколько простых упражнений могут улучшить вашу осанку.

I do a workout at the gym every evening.

Я занимаюсь тренировкой в спортзале каждый вечер.

affect / effect — влиять / эффект, результат

Stress can negatively affect your health.

Стресс может негативно влиять на ваше здоровье.

The new diet had a good effect on my energy.

Новая диета положительно сказалась на моей энергии.

diet / nutrition — диета / питание

I follow a balanced diet with vegetables and protein.

Я придерживаюсь сбалансированной диеты с овощами и белком.

Good nutrition is important for growth and energy.

Правильное питание важно для роста и энергии.

Reading Text

Being healthy and fit is important for teenagers. Regular exercise or a workout helps strengthen muscles, improve mood, and boost energy. Eating a balanced diet and having good nutrition are also essential. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and protein-rich foods help you stay strong and healthy.

Lifestyle choices affect how your body feels. For example, staying up late or eating too much junk food can have a negative effect on your health. On the other hand, daily exercise and good nutrition have a positive effect on your fitness and energy.

Small habits, like walking instead of taking the car or stretching in the morning, can affect your overall well-being. Being fit is not only about appearance — it is about being strong, active, and full of energy. Learning the difference between exercise and a workout, and understanding how nutrition and lifestyle choices affect your health, helps you stay healthy and confident every day.

Check Your Understanding

What is the difference between fit and healthy?

How do exercise and workout differ?

Give an example of something that can affect your health.

What is the effect of eating a balanced diet?

How do you try to stay healthy in your daily life?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice (contextual)

Choose the correct word to complete the sentence:

I want to stay ______, so I run every morning.

a) healthy

b) fit

c) diet

Doing a short ______ can improve your posture.

a) workout

b) exercise

c) nutrition

Eating junk food can negatively ______ your energy.

a) affect

b) effect

c) fit

The new healthy routine had a positive ______ on my mood.

a) affect

b) effect

c) exercise

Good ______ includes fruits, vegetables, and protein.

a) diet

b) fit

c) workout

Exercise 2 — Fill in the Context

Complete the sentences with the correct word: fit / healthy / exercise / workout / affect / effect / diet / nutrition

I do a morning ______ to wake up my body.

A balanced ______ helps you grow and have energy.

Regular jogging keeps me ______ and active.

Eating too much junk food can negatively ______ your health.

The new diet had a positive ______ on my mood.

I try to stay ______ by eating fruits and vegetables.

Doing a gym ______ helps me feel stronger.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding

Fit means physically in good shape; healthy means overall well-being and free from illness.

Exercise is an activity or movement to improve health; a workout is a full session of exercises, often more structured.

Sample answer: Eating too much fast food or staying up late can affect your health.

A balanced diet improves energy, mood, and overall health.

Sample answer: I stay healthy by walking, eating vegetables, and doing some exercise every day.

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

b) fit

b) exercise

a) affect

b) effect

a) diet

Exercise 2 — Fill in the Context

exercise

nutrition

fit

affect

effect

healthy

workout

Illness and Treatment

Word Power

recover / heal — выздоравливать / заживать

After the flu, it took me two weeks to fully recover.

После гриппа мне понадобилось две недели, чтобы полностью выздороветь.

The cut on my hand healed quickly because I cleaned it carefully.